Niu Technologies — Call Transcript 2026

Good day, ladies and gentlemen. Thank you for standing by, and welcome to the Niu Technologies fourth quarter 2025 earnings conference call. At this time, all participants are in a listen-only mode. Later, we will conduct a question-and-answer session, and instructions will follow at that time. As a reminder, we are recording today's call. If you have any objections, you may disconnect at this time. Now I will turn the call over to Ms. Kristal Li, Investor Relations Manager of Niu Technologies. Ms. Li, please go ahead. Thank you, operator. Hello, everyone. Welcome to today's conference call to discuss Niu Technologies results for the fourth quarter of 2025. The earnings press release, corporate presentation and financial spreadsheet has been posted on our investor relations website. This call is being webcast from company's IR site as well, and a replay of the call will be available soon. Please note, today's discussion will contain forward-looking statements made under the safe harbor provision of the U.S. Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Forward-looking statements involve risks, uncertainties, assumptions, and other factors. The company's actual results may be materially different from those expressed today. Further information regarding the risk factors is included in company's public filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission. The company does not assume any obligation to update any forward-looking statements except as required by law. Our earnings press release and this call include discussion of certain non-GAAP financial measures. The press release contains a definition of non-GAAP financial measures and the reconciliation of GAAP to non-GAAP financial results. On the call with me today are our CEO, Dr. Yan Li, and CFO, Ms. Fion Zhou. Now let me turn the call over to CEO Yan. Thank you, Kristal, and hello, everyone. Thank you for joining our fourth quarter 2025 results call. 2025 was a year of continuous strategic transformation for Niu. We navigated a complex regulatory shift in China, executed a successful breakthrough in electric motorcycle segment, and overhaul our international distribution for micro-mobility, all while significantly expand our gross margins. While our fourth quarter results reflect the temporary friction inherent in those structural changes, the robust foundation we have built positions us perfectly for accelerated high-quality and profitable growth in 2026. Now let's turn to the numbers. In the fourth quarter, we delivered 172,000 units, represent a 23.8% YoY decline. This comprised of 158,782 units in China, down 12% YoY, and close to 14,000 units overseas, down 68% YoY. I want to spend a minute to dive deep in both figures, as they are direct results of a proactive strategic transition we outlined early this year. First, regarding with the China market. This decline was fully anticipated results of the transition to the new national standards for the electric bicycles. As we highlighted in our previous call, production of old standard models ceased on August 31st, while the retail window closed on November 30th. This led to a significant inventory front-loading by our distributors and retailers in Q3 2025. Naturally, this pulls the sales forward, temporarily reducing our sell-in volume for Q4. However, we evaluate the second half of 2025 as a whole. Our China deliveries actually grow 38% YoY, confirming that our continued growth momentum for the entire year. Now turning to our overseas performance. The volume decline was deliberately driven by a strategic realignment of our micro-mobility channels. In the key markets like U.S. and Germany, we have transitioned away from a traditional distributor-led model in favor of direct-to-retailer partnerships. While this structural shift meant our former distributors paused orders to clear legacy inventories, it is a necessary evolution. It allowed us to capture higher margins and establish a closer, more agile relationship with our customers. Now zooming out to the full year 2025, the success of our broader strategy is clear. The total sales volume reached 1.19 million units, a robust 29% YoY increase. This was fueled by exceptional performance in China, where sales surged 46% to surpass 1.11 million units. While our international volume of 80,000 units, a 51% decline, reflects a year of deliberate channel restructuring, we successfully prioritized a long-term profitability over empty volume. The total revenue for the year reached RMB 4.31 billion, up 31% YoY. Most impressively, our full year gross margin reached 19.6%, expanding by a massive 4.4 percentage points YoY, reflecting our premium product mix and operational efficiencies. Now let me dive deeper into the specific operation dynamics of our China and international markets. Let's first look at China operations. We conclude the fiscal year with exceptional performance across the China market. Total domestic sales volume successfully surpassed the one million milestone, reached 1.11 million units, representing a robust 46.5% YoY increase. This was the direct result of our highly integrated domestic strategy. Our momentum was propelled by four key pillars. One, the portfolio optimization, expanding into high-growth category like electric motorcycles, while maintaining our high-end market positions in electric bicycles. Second, technological leadership, sustained investment in cutting-edge smart riding innovations. Third, brand elevations, targeted campaigns that solidified our premium positions, particularly among the Gen Z demographics. The last, the channel expansion, aggressive scaling of retail network into the lower-tier cities. Together, those initiatives allowed us to capture a significant market share and drive high volume growth in our home market. Now, first, in 2025, we further fortified our product foundation laid in 2024. Our core NMUF matrix has become the backbone of our business, representing nearly all of total volume. The N-Series continue to be our standout performers, delivering 43% of our total sales and successfully capturing every tier of the market. Throughout 2025, our focus remained on hero SKU development and rapid innovations. This disciplined approach, where nine major products now account for more than 70% of sales, allowed us to iterate faster and deploy our technology platform more effectively, resulting in a leaner and highly responsive product structure. Perhaps the most defining structural evolution for Niu in 2025 was our breakthrough into the electric motorcycle segment. Led by a phenomenal success of FX Windstorm, the e-motorcycle now represent more than 23% of our total annual sales. This achievement validates our diversification strategy and proves our unique capability to accelerate the new market catigories. The FX Windstorm has democratized high-end performance by integrating high torque powertrains, strong durable frames supporting a top speed of 80 kph, and flagship technologies like dual-channel ABS and millimeter wave radar into accessible RMB 4,000-5,000 range. We created a mass competitive moat. As the first high-speed e-motorcycle for the Gen Z segment, its momentum surged to a remarkable 42% of our total sales in the fourth quarter. Beyond its appeal to a young enthusiast, the Windstorm spec defined by high torque powertrain and durability served as our primary engine to break through the high-growth delivery segment. Recognizing that professional riders were underserved, we responded with a targeted multimodal ladder strategy. The FX Windstorm, with its robust frame and high-performance motor, the FX was our first model to successfully penetrate the delivery market, proving our consumer tech could meet the intensive commercial demands. The NX Windstorm. In Q4, we launched the NX specifically for the delivery professional who requires a higher capacity storage. Built on our newly developed high durability frames with a class-leading 40-liter compartment, the NX contributed 10.5% to our Q4 volume in its debut quarter. Lastly, the NS and FS Windstorm, the entry-level anchors. To complete our coverage, those entry-level anchors serve as our high-value entry-level performance offerings, allowing us to capture the budget-conscious professionals and daily commuters while maintaining a core Windstorm DNA. This expansion, alongside with our premium daily commute specs, has built a highly resilient and diversified revenue base for electric motorcycle segments. Now looking ahead to 2026, we'll continue to scale this leadership by developing a tailored e-motorcycle offerings for female riders and technology enthusiasts, accelerating our growth in this segment. Now moving to our electric bicycle segment. 2025 was a pivotal transition year as the industry prepared for China's new national standard. Our strategy was twofold, maintaining our dominance in the premium tier while aggressively populating our pipeline with the next generation compliant product. Now to capture the high-end demand, we launched the NXT Ultra 2025 and FXT Ultra 2025. The NXT Ultra features the 10 major upgrades, with 77% core components redesigned to solidify its position as the premium market leaders. Meanwhile, FXT Ultra also added safety benchmarks such as millimeter wave radars and dual-channel ABS. The market response was exceptional. We achieved over 20,000 units sold within the first five hours, generating more than RMB 220 million in sales and ranking as a top-selling item across major e-commerce platforms. We also continue to iterate our key models. The MT, our best-selling urban commuter, now accounts for more than 20% of our total annual sales. With its compact design, a vibrant style, and the OkGo assist system, it has become particularly popular with our female demographics, proving our ability to design specific lifestyle segments. The U3 Pro, we upgraded Gen Z favorites with a fine-tuned dual-channel ABS, offering the perfect blend of a trend-driven design and high-performance safety. Now to lead the transition to our new national standard, we strategically launched two key compliance series. The first one, the U11, as our first new standard compliant bicycle. The U11 redefined the urban style. Priced between RMB 4,199-RMB 4,699, it features a lightweight design and a smart integration like TCS and keyless entry. The K-series, launching in late 2025, is the lifestyle-first platform. Starting at RMB 3,799, it features the innovative sled-type ring arm skeleton frame for unmatched stability. With a 4.3-inch TFT display and Magic Wheel smart features, it is a personalized mobility statement that drives the trend towards intelligent commuting. Our full matrix of new standard products is progressing steadily, with a complete portfolio on track for a full rollout by Q2 2026. In fact, we'll be showcasing a selection of those upcoming products at our launch event tomorrow. Now, beyond our product expansion, 2025 was also a year of rapid advancement in our core technology stack. Our R&D strategy focused on the two primary objectives, democratizing the intelligent technology and pioneering the next generation of assisted mobility. In 2025, we successfully migrated high-end intelligent safety features previously exclusive to our flagship models down into our mid-range and entry-level products. This includes a broader implementation of ABS braking system and the radar technology, significantly raising the safety floor for the entire industry. Furthermore, we have introduced a suite of advanced smart functions across more product tiers, including full screen navigation and our signature Magic Wheel interface, the dual direction smart throttles, and adaptive hill descent system. Those features ensure a broader demographic of new riders can enjoy a premium flagship level experience regardless of their price point. At the high end of R&D, we continue to push the boundary of what is possible in the two-wheel industry. Looking ahead to 2026, our focus shifts towards a collaborative and experiential intelligence. We are integrating scenario-based interactions and AI agent capabilities across our entire product ecosystem to create a more intuitive interaction between the rider and the machine. In fact, we're incredibly excited to announce that we'll be unveiling the industry's first AI-enabled smart scooter at our product launch event tomorrow on March 17th. We look forward to sharing more details during this event. Our platform-based R&D strategy continued to deliver a significant operational benefit throughout 2025. By really standardizing the core components and the chassis architecture, we have not only accelerated our product development cycles, but also improved the manufacturing consistency and the cost efficiency. Now, throughout 2025, we proactively leveraged event-driven initiatives to expand our core user communities while making a targeted effort to solidify our position among the critical Gen Z demographics. Over the past year, we host more than 50 integrated brand activities, directly engaging over 500,000 offline participants, and generate 346 million total impressions. Those initiatives were strategically synchronized with our product launches to maximize impact. Key highlights included a high-profile crossovers, such as partnering with popular titles like Game for Peace, online gaming to resonate with the younger gamers. A performance validation, setting up a lap record for electric two-wheelers at the Shanghai F1 event, showcasing our engineering power. A community milestones, our tenth anniversary playful festivals, and dedicated outdoor scenario-based campaigns ranging from hiking to competitive cycling, which embedded the new brand deeply within the outdoor enthusiast community. As we enter 2026, we're strategically pivoting back to the brand-driven growth. We initiated this shift with the high-profile announcement of our two global brand ambassadors, Wu Lei and Song Yuqi. NIU is the first in our industry to launch a two global ambassadors simultaneously, perfectly embody our core value of performance, trend, and use. This appointment ignite a media blitz that generated over 3.4 billion online impressions. We leveraged this momentum through a saturated offline presence, activating landmark digital displays, and dominating a high-speed rail hubs across 35 cities, reaching an estimate of 500 million travelers. Now, this integrated brand campaign serve a clear purpose, to really reinforce NIU's position as the leading premium electric mobility brand. By combining a massive digital reach with a physical presence, we're building the brand equity necessary to support our next phase of expansion. Now, in 2025, we continue to aggressively strengthen both our retail footprint and our digital ecosystem. Our nationwide store network has now surpassed 4,500 locations. Throughout this year, we added over 800 new stores with a strategic focus on lower tier cities. This deliberate expansion is driving a deeper market coverage. Our digital channels maintained exceptional momentum in 2025. The total online sales reached approximately 500,000 units, supported by remarkable high online conversion rate of near 50%. This metric is a testament to the health of our consumer demand and seamless efficiency of online to offline model, which successfully bridged the online purchase with the physical retail fulfillment. Now, with the social e-commerce, Douyin has solidified its position as our primary social e-commerce engine. Our ecosystem there, powered by nine official flagship accounts and close to 1,000 dealer-operated accounts, generates over 95,000 live streams and 2.51 billion annual impressions. Having a perfected social e-commerce playbook, we plan to rapidly replicate the success model on Kuaishou in 2026. We are also expanding our online coverage to Meituan with 73 of our retail stores with Meituan accounts, another mass online channel for broader reach. Now, moving to our international operation. While 2025 was a transition year for our overseas market, the underlying data reveals a significant structural improvement and a much healthier foundation for the year ahead. For the full year, overseas sales totaled 80,000 units, with close to 14,000 units delivered in the fourth quarter. First, our performance in international electric motorcycle segment was a major highlight. In Q4, we have delivered more than 2,000 units, a 187% YoY increase. For the full year, the sales units surged to 9,600 units, up 227% compared with 2024. This success was directly driven by our direct-to-retailer model. By bypassing the traditional distributors, we significantly expand our dealer networks from 120 to close to 300 by Q4, surpassing our initial expansion target and giving us the direct control over the brand experience and the pricing. We also used 2025 to seed our future growth. In EICMA 2025, we unveiled a strong global pipeline, including a FQiX Urban Series, a NQi 1000 High Performance Motorcycle, and XQi 500 Off-Road Series. Those models will enter global markets through our DTR channels in 2026. Furthermore, we pioneer a new territory such as North Africa, marked by our successful commercial launch in Algeria, with our first 900 units CKD shipment in June. With this operation foundation in place, we expect a continued rapid growth in the electric motorcycle segment throughout 2026. Now, in the micromobility segment, we execute a planned transition to prioritize the long-term health over short-term volume. A full-year sales total of 70,000 units with a YoY decline, reflecting our strategic decision to restructure channels in the U.S. and Germany. We have successfully moved away from distributor-heavy models in favor of direct retail partnership. This transition allows us to capture a higher margin, exert greater control over our brands, and respond with much more agility to shifting retail trends. Now, the most critical indicator of brand health is on the retail end. We saw over 100,000 scooters activated in consumer this year. The fact that activation are significantly higher than our sales in volume is a definite sign of a robust consumer demand. With this new channel model, our priority is to finalize the inventory normalization and position this business for sustainable and profitable growth. Now, looking ahead, we see 2026 as a year defined by strategic acceleration across our entire diversified portfolio. Our groundwork in 2025 has set the stage for significant scaling in both our domestic and international operations. In the China market, in the electric bicycle segment, we expect the market to continue navigating a transitional phase through the Q1 of 2026 this year as the new standards are fully implemented. We anticipate the consumer demand to remain measured through Q1, followed by a pronounced recovery as the regulatory framework stabilizes and the supply chain adapts. To lead this recovery, we'll execute a phased rollout of our new standard product matrix, with the full compliant lineup on track for completion by Q2 2026. Conversely, our electric motorcycle segment is poised for a major breakout, supported by an increasingly favorable regulatory environment and a powerful market validation of our Windstorm platform. We are strategically positioned to capture the accelerated growth in this category. With expanded product portfolios to cover more consumer segments, we believe we have built the most resilient and comprehensive e-motorcycle lineup, capable of capturing market shares across both professional and the lifestyle segments. Now, turning to our international operations, we are transitioning from a period of restructuring to one for profitable scaling. In the electric motorcycle segments, we project a continued and disciplined expansion fueled by our measured direct-to-retail network. By owning those dealer relationships directly, we're seeing a significant improvement in brand consistency and service quality, which we expect to translate into higher volume growth. In the micro-mobility segment, our primary objective for 2026 remains the finalization of inventory normalization. By prioritizing healthy sell-through over our artificial sell-in volume and maintaining a lean, agile channel structure, we're establishing a sustainable baseline for the near future. Now, in summary, based on our current market visibility and momentum for our new product launches, we expect the total sales volume for the full year 2026 to reach between 1.67 million to 1.91 million units. Now with that, let me turn the call to Fion. Thank you, Yan, and hello, everyone. Please note that our press release contains all the figures and comparisons you need, and we have also uploaded the Excel format figures to our IR website for your easy reference. As I review our financial results, I'm referring to the fourth quarter figures unless stated otherwise, and all monetary figures are in RMB if not specified. As Yan just mentioned, our total sales volume for the fourth quarter was 173,000 units, a decrease of 24% compared to the same period of last year. Specifically, China sales volume was 159,000 units, accounting for 92% of total sales volume, and overseas volume was 14,000 units. For the full year 2025, total sales volume was nearly 1.2 million units, including 1.1 million units in China market and 80,000 units overseas. At the end of 2025, the number of franchise stores in China was 4,540. Total revenue in the fourth quarter was CNY 676 million, down 17% compared to the same period of last year. To break down the scooter revenues by region, the scooter revenues in China were CNY 545 million, down 16% YoY and accounted for 91% of total scooter revenues. The decrease was mainly due to the lower sales volume and revenue per scooter. China scooter ASP was RMB 3,431, down 3% YoY and up 5% sequentially, mainly driven by the changes in product mix. With the shift from models such as MT, NLT, and NGT to FX, U1, and NX, those new models. Overseas scooter revenues, including electric motorcycles, mopeds, and kick scooters, were RMB 36 million, representing 6% of total scooter revenues. Branded scooter ASP increased to RMB 2,600, up 32% YoY, mainly driven by the greater sales mix contribution from electric motorcycles, which commanded the higher retail prices. Accessories, spare parts, and services revenue were RMB 95 million, up 11% YoY and accounted for 14% of total revenues. This increase was primarily driven by the higher revenues from new smart services as well as from accessories spare parts sales in China market. For the full year 2025, the total revenue increased by 31% from RMB 3.3 billion last year to RMB 4.3 billion this year. China scooter revenue as a whole saw a nearly 42%YoY increase from RMB 2.6 billion last year to RMB 3.6 billion this year, taking 93% of total scooter revenues. Overseas scooter revenues decreased by 33% from RMB 397 million last year to RMB 267 million this year, taking 7% of total scooter revenues. The total overseas revenues, including scooters and non-scooters, contributing to nearly 7% of the total revenues. Let's take a look at ASP in 2025. The overall scooter ASP increased slightly from RMB 3,203 last year to RMB 3,269 this year. Among this, the China scooter ASP decreased slightly from RMB 3,377 last year to RMB 3,264 this year, primarily due to the changes in the product mix we mentioned in the previous quarters. In 2024, large-scale scooters like NXT, NT, and N-Play dominated our bestsellers, with the average retail price exceeding RMB 5,000, while the more compact model MT scooters, with a retail price range from RMB 3,700-RMB 4,600, emerged as the best seller in 2025. While in the meanwhile, the large-scale scooter like NXT, NLT still maintain a strong sales momentum in 2025. The overseas branded scooter ASP was RMB 3,330, nearly 40% increase YoY, and driven by the greater proportion of revenue cont- Please stand by while our speaker reconnects. Thank you for your patience. Please stand by while our speaker reconnects. Please stand by while our speaker reconnects. Thank you for your patience. Please stand by while our speaker reconnects. Speakers, you may proceed. Thank you. Hello, this is Fion. We're reconnecting. We continued by the overseas blended scooter ASP. The overseas blended scooter ASP in 2025 was CNY 3,330, a nearly 40% increase YoY, and driven by a greater proportion of revenue contribution from higher-priced electric motorcycles and mopeds. The gross margin for the fourth quarter was 15.3%, up 2.9 PPT compared to the same period of last year. The increase was primarily attributed to the continued margin improvements in the domestic market. For the full year 2025, our gross margin was 19.6%, up from 15.2% in the previous year, representing a YoY increase of 4.4 PPT. This increase was primarily driven by the China market, reflecting a strategic shift in the product mix towards the higher margin scooters. For example, the MT, NXT, FXT, and et cetera, along with our continued cost reduction in the domestic market. This was partially offset by a lower growth margin of kick scooters in international markets. The fourth quarter OpEx was CNY 206 million, CNY 13 million higher than the same period of last year, and the OpEx ratio was 30.5%, compared to 23.6% in the fourth quarter of 2024. Selling and marketing expenses were CNY 144 million, CNY 8 million higher than the same period of last year, primarily due to the higher rental expenses in the international markets, along with the increased staff cost and higher depreciation and amortization expenses. This was partially offset by a decrease in advertising and promotion expenses in China market. Selling and marketing expenses accounted for 21.3% of revenue, compared to 16.6% in the same period of last year, and 12.7% last quarter. Research and development expenses were nearly RMB 50 million, RMB 11 million higher than the same period of last year, mainly due to the higher staff costs, share-based compensation, and increased design and testing expenses. Research and development expenses accounted for 7.3% of revenue, compared to 4.7% in the same period of last year, and 2.6% last quarter. General and administrative expenses were nearly RMB 13 million, around RMB 6 million lower than the same period of last year, mainly due to a decrease in taxes and surcharges, which were partially offset by an increase in foreign exchange losses. G&A expenses accounted for 1.8% of revenue and compared to 2.2% in the same period of last year and 2.3% last quarter. For the full year 2025, the OpEx were RMB 933 million, 24% higher than last year, and OpEx ratio were nearly 21.7% compared to 22.8% last year. Selling and marketing expenses were RMB 676 million, RMB 186 million or 38% higher than last year and about 15.7% of revenue, compared to 14.9% in 2024. R&D expenses were RMB 166 million, 36 million or 28% higher than last year and about 3.9% of revenue, compared to 4% in 2024. G&A expenses were 91 million, 40 million or 30% lower than last year, and about 2.1% of revenue, compared to 4% in 2024. Non-GAAP operating expenses were RMB 906 million, accounted for 21% of revenues compared to 22.1% last year. In the fourth quarter, we had a net loss of RMB 88 million and a non-GAAP net loss of RMB 82 million. On a full year basis, we had a net loss of RMB 39 million and a non-GAAP net loss of RMB 12 million. Turning to our balance sheet and cash flow. We ended the year with RMB 1.3 billion in cash, restricted cash, term deposit and short-term investments. On an annual basis, the operating inflow was around RMB 350 million, primarily reflecting the net income after adjusting for non-cash items. Our fourth quarter CapEx was RMB 48 million, and for the full year 2025, the CapEx was RMB 178 million. RMB 58 million higher than last year because of the module cost and store expansion in the domestic market. Now let's turn to guidance. We expect the first quarter revenue to be in the range of RMB 887 million-RMB 1,023 million, an increase of 30%-50% YoY. The sales volume for 2026 was expected in the range of 1.67 million-1.91 million units, as Yan just mentioned. Please be aware that the sales outlook is based on the information available as of today and reflects the company's current and preliminary expectation, which is subject to change due to the uncertainty related to various factors. With that, we'll now open the call for any questions that you may have for us. Operator, please go ahead. Thank you. To ask a question you will need to press star one and one on your telephone and wait for your name to be announced. To withdraw your question, please press star one and one again. Please stand by while we compile the Q&A queue. Once again, that's star one and one on your telephone if you'd like to register a question. Please wait for your name to be announced. To withdraw your question, please press star one and one again. We'll now go to our first question. Our first question comes from the line of Yating Chen from CICC. Please go ahead. Your line is open. Hi, Yan and Fion. This is Yating from CICC, and I have two quick questions. First, could you share the current inventory situation for your kick scooters in overseas markets? And how you are thinking about the kick scooter business in 2026? Second, with the implementation of the new national standard for e-scooters in China, how should we think about the potential cost increase and the company's response? Thank you. That's all my questions. Okay. This is Fion. I'll take the first question. Regarding the inventory, actually, we already released the balance sheet figures in our earnings release, and the amount is around CNY 650 million for the whole inventory, net inventory level. I should say that more than 50% of our overall inventory are the aged kick scooters, which means more than CNY 300 million inventory are coming from the aged kick scooters. That's why, you know, Yan just mentioned in the call is that in 2026, our top priority on the kick scooters is to improve the turnover of the aged inventory, especially the kick scooters, to change the business model into a more lean and straightforward and with our channel partners. On top of that, I think, you know, for the whole year, 2026, for the kick scooters, we are going to focus on the inventory itself instead of the new models imports. Now we are expected to spend the whole year, 2026, to improve the inventory clearance and also, you know, to change the channel into a more healthier business model to support our going forward kick scooter business. Hi, Yating. This is Yan. To address your second question on the cost increase. We have done a few things. First, I think, you know, with the new standard, because there are material changes, yes, there will be cost increase. We also have increased our retail price, not exactly proportionally, but have increased our price to cover part of the cost increase. Second, we are also, you know, through our cost reduction initiatives, really through engineering, to figure out what are really the cost down initiatives to be implemented on each of the scooters, basically, you know, through a platform standardization and also commoditize some of the common parts. That will help us to actually reduce the BOM cost. By doing so, I think we're in good hands to sort of handle the cost increase with the new standard. It's very clear. Thank you for your answers. Thank you. There are no further questions at this time, so I'll hand the call back to Dr. Yan Li for closing remarks. All right. Thank you, operator. Thank you all for participating on today's call and for your support. We appreciate your interest and look forward to reporting to you again next quarter on our progress. Thank you. This concludes today's conference call. Thank you for participating. You may now disconnect. Speakers, please stand by.

Speaker 3: Good day, ladies and gentlemen. Thank you for standing by, and welcome to the Niu Technologies fourth quarter 2025 earnings conference call. At this time, all participants are in a listen-only mode. Later, we will conduct a question-and-answer session, and instructions will follow at that time. As a reminder, we are recording today's call. If you have any objections, you may disconnect at this time. Now I will turn the call over to Ms. Kristal Li, Investor Relations Manager of Niu Technologies. Ms. Li, please go ahead. Good day, ladies and gentlemen. good day ladies and gentlemen Thank you for standing by, and welcome to the Niu Technologies fourth quarter 2025 earnings conference call. thank you for standing by and welcome to the niu technologies fourth quarter 2025 earnings conference call At this time, all participants are in a listen-only mode. at this time all participants are in a listen-only mode Later, we will conduct a question-and-answer session, and instructions will follow at that time. later we will conduct a question-and-answer session and instructions will follow at that time As a reminder, we are recording today's call. as a reminder we are recording today's call If you have any objections, you may disconnect at this time. if you have any objections you may disconnect at this time Now I will turn the call over to Ms. Kristal Li, Investor Relations Manager of Niu Technologies. now i will turn the call over to ms kristal li investor relations manager of niu technologies Ms. Li, please go ahead. ms li please go ahead

Speaker 2: Thank you, operator. Hello, everyone. Welcome to today's conference call to discuss Niu Technologies results for the fourth quarter of 2025. The earnings press release, corporate presentation and financial spreadsheet has been posted on our investor relations website. This call is being webcast from company's IR site as well, and a replay of the call will be available soon. Please note, today's discussion will contain forward-looking statements made under the safe harbor provision of the U.S. Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Forward-looking statements involve risks, uncertainties, assumptions, and other factors. The company's actual results may be materially different from those expressed today. Further information regarding the risk factors is included in company's public filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission. The company does not assume any obligation to update any forward-looking statements except as required by law. Thank you, operator. thank you operator Hello, everyone. hello everyone Welcome to today's conference call to discuss Niu Technologies results for the fourth quarter of 2025. welcome to today's conference call to discuss niu technologies results for the fourth quarter of 2025 The earnings press release, corporate presentation and financial spreadsheet has been posted on our investor relations website. the earnings press release corporate presentation and financial spreadsheet has been posted on our investor relations website This call is being webcast from company's IR site as well, and a replay of the call will be available soon. this call is being webcast from company's ir site as well and a replay of the call will be available soon Please note, today's discussion will contain forward-looking statements made under the safe harbor provision of the U.S. please note today's discussion will contain forward-looking statements made under the safe harbor provision of the u.s Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. private securities litigation reform act of 1995 Forward-looking statements involve risks, uncertainties, assumptions, and other factors. forward-looking statements involve risks uncertainties assumptions and other factors The company's actual results may be materially different from those expressed today. the company's actual results may be materially different from those expressed today Further information regarding the risk factors is included in company's public filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission. further information regarding the risk factors is included in company's public filings with the securities and exchange commission The company does not assume any obligation to update any forward-looking statements except as required by law. the company does not assume any obligation to update any forward-looking statements except as required by law Our earnings press release and this call include discussion of certain non-GAAP financial measures. The press release contains a definition of non-GAAP financial measures and the reconciliation of GAAP to non-GAAP financial results. On the call with me today are our CEO, Dr. Yan Li, and CFO, Ms. Fion Zhou. Now let me turn the call over to CEO Yan. Our earnings press release and this call include discussion of certain non-GAAP financial measures. our earnings press release and this call include discussion of certain non-gaap financial measures The press release contains a definition of non-GAAP financial measures and the reconciliation of GAAP to non-GAAP financial results. the press release contains a definition of non-gaap financial measures and the reconciliation of gaap to non-gaap financial results On the call with me today are our CEO, Dr. Yan Li, and CFO, Ms. Fion Zhou. on the call with me today are our ceo dr yan li and cfo ms fion zhou Now let me turn the call over to CEO Yan. now let me turn the call over to ceo yan

Speaker 4: Thank you, Kristal, and hello, everyone. Thank you for joining our fourth quarter 2025 results call. 2025 was a year of continuous strategic transformation for Niu. We navigated a complex regulatory shift in China, executed a successful breakthrough in electric motorcycle segment, and overhaul our international distribution for micro-mobility, all while significantly expand our gross margins. While our fourth quarter results reflect the temporary friction inherent in those structural changes, the robust foundation we have built positions us perfectly for accelerated high-quality and profitable growth in 2026. Now let's turn to the numbers. In the fourth quarter, we delivered 172,000 units, represent a 23.8% YoY decline. Thank you, Kristal, and hello, everyone. thank you kristal and hello everyone Thank you for joining our fourth quarter 2025 results call. 2025 was a year of continuous strategic transformation for Niu. thank you for joining our fourth quarter 2025 results call 2025 was a year of continuous strategic transformation for niu We navigated a complex regulatory shift in China, executed a successful breakthrough in electric motorcycle segment, and overhaul our international distribution for micro-mobility, all while significantly expand our gross margins. we navigated a complex regulatory shift in china executed a successful breakthrough in electric motorcycle segment and overhaul our international distribution for micro-mobility all while significantly expand our gross margins While our fourth quarter results reflect the temporary friction inherent in those structural changes, the robust foundation we have built positions us perfectly for accelerated high-quality and profitable growth in 2026. while our fourth quarter results reflect the temporary friction inherent in those structural changes the robust foundation we have built positions us perfectly for accelerated high-quality and profitable growth in 2026 Now let's turn to the numbers. now let's turn to the numbers In the fourth quarter, we delivered 172,000 units, represent a 23.8% YoY decline. in the fourth quarter we delivered 172,000 units represent a 23.8% yoy decline This comprised of 158,782 units in China, down 12% YoY, and close to 14,000 units overseas, down 68% YoY. I want to spend a minute to dive deep in both figures, as they are direct results of a proactive strategic transition we outlined early this year. First, regarding with the China market. This decline was fully anticipated results of the transition to the new national standards for the electric bicycles. As we highlighted in our previous call, production of old standard models ceased on August 31st, while the retail window closed on November 30th. This led to a significant inventory front-loading by our distributors and retailers in Q3 2025. Naturally, this pulls the sales forward, temporarily reducing our sell-in volume for Q4. This comprised of 158,782 units in China, down 12% YoY , and close to 14,000 units overseas, down 68% YoY . this comprised of 158,782 units in china down 12% yoy and close to 14,000 units overseas down 68% yoy I want to spend a minute to dive deep in both figures, as they are direct results of a proactive strategic transition we outlined early this year. i want to spend a minute to dive deep in both figures as they are direct results of a proactive strategic transition we outlined early this year First, regarding with the China market. first regarding with the china market This decline was fully anticipated results of the transition to the new national standards for the electric bicycles. this decline was fully anticipated results of the transition to the new national standards for the electric bicycles As we highlighted in our previous call, production of old standard models ceased on August 31st, while the retail window closed on November 30th. as we highlighted in our previous call production of old standard models ceased on august 31st while the retail window closed on november 30th This led to a significant inventory front-loading by our distributors and retailers in Q3 2025. this led to a significant inventory front-loading by our distributors and retailers in q3 2025 Naturally, this pulls the sales forward, temporarily reducing our sell-in volume for Q4. naturally this pulls the sales forward temporarily reducing our sell-in volume for q4 However, we evaluate the second half of 2025 as a whole. Our China deliveries actually grow 38% YoY, confirming that our continued growth momentum for the entire year. Now turning to our overseas performance. The volume decline was deliberately driven by a strategic realignment of our micro-mobility channels. In the key markets like U.S. and Germany, we have transitioned away from a traditional distributor-led model in favor of direct-to-retailer partnerships. While this structural shift meant our former distributors paused orders to clear legacy inventories, it is a necessary evolution. It allowed us to capture higher margins and establish a closer, more agile relationship with our customers. Now zooming out to the full year 2025, the success of our broader strategy is clear. The total sales volume reached 1.19 million units, a robust 29% YoY increase. However, we evaluate the second half of 2025 as a whole. however we evaluate the second half of 2025 as a whole Our China deliveries actually grow 38% YoY , confirming that our continued growth momentum for the entire year. our china deliveries actually grow 38% yoy confirming that our continued growth momentum for the entire year Now turning to our overseas performance. now turning to our overseas performance The volume decline was deliberately driven by a strategic realignment of our micro-mobility channels. the volume decline was deliberately driven by a strategic realignment of our micro-mobility channels In the key markets like U.S. and Germany, we have transitioned away from a traditional distributor-led model in favor of direct-to-retailer partnerships. in the key markets like u.s and germany we have transitioned away from a traditional distributor-led model in favor of direct-to-retailer partnerships While this structural shift meant our former distributors paused orders to clear legacy inventories, it is a necessary evolution. while this structural shift meant our former distributors paused orders to clear legacy inventories it is a necessary evolution It allowed us to capture higher margins and establish a closer, more agile relationship with our customers. it allowed us to capture higher margins and establish a closer more agile relationship with our customers Now zooming out to the full year 2025, the success of our broader strategy is clear. now zooming out to the full year 2025 the success of our broader strategy is clear The total sales volume reached 1.19 million units, a robust 29% YoY increase. the total sales volume reached 1.19 million units a robust 29% yoy increase This was fueled by exceptional performance in China, where sales surged 46% to surpass 1.11 million units. While our international volume of 80,000 units, a 51% decline, reflects a year of deliberate channel restructuring, we successfully prioritized a long-term profitability over empty volume. The total revenue for the year reached RMB 4.31 billion, up 31% YoY. Most impressively, our full year gross margin reached 19.6%, expanding by a massive 4.4 percentage points YoY, reflecting our premium product mix and operational efficiencies. Now let me dive deeper into the specific operation dynamics of our China and international markets. Let's first look at China operations. This was fueled by exceptional performance in China, where sales surged 46% to surpass 1.11 million units. this was fueled by exceptional performance in china where sales surged 46% to surpass 1.11 million units While our international volume of 80,000 units, a 51% decline, reflects a year of deliberate channel restructuring, we successfully prioritized a long-term profitability over empty volume. while our international volume of 80,000 units a 51% decline reflects a year of deliberate channel restructuring we successfully prioritized a long-term profitability over empty volume The total revenue for the year reached RMB 4.31 billion, up 31% YoY . the total revenue for the year reached rmb 4.31 billion up 31% yoy Most impressively, our full year gross margin reached 19.6%, expanding by a massive 4.4 percentage points YoY , reflecting our premium product mix and operational efficiencies. most impressively our full year gross margin reached 19.6% expanding by a massive 4.4 percentage points yoy reflecting our premium product mix and operational efficiencies Now let me dive deeper into the specific operation dynamics of our China and international markets. now let me dive deeper into the specific operation dynamics of our china and international markets Let's first look at China operations. let's first look at china operations We conclude the fiscal year with exceptional performance across the China market. Total domestic sales volume successfully surpassed the one million milestone, reached 1.11 million units, representing a robust 46.5% YoY increase. This was the direct result of our highly integrated domestic strategy. Our momentum was propelled by four key pillars. One, the portfolio optimization, expanding into high-growth category like electric motorcycles, while maintaining our high-end market positions in electric bicycles. Second, technological leadership, sustained investment in cutting-edge smart riding innovations. Third, brand elevations, targeted campaigns that solidified our premium positions, particularly among the Gen Z demographics. The last, the channel expansion, aggressive scaling of retail network into the lower-tier cities. Together, those initiatives allowed us to capture a significant market share and drive high volume growth in our home market. We conclude the fiscal year with exceptional performance across the China market. Total domestic sales volume successfully surpassed the one million milestone, reached 1.11 million units, representing a robust 46.5% YoY increase. we conclude the fiscal year with exceptional performance across the china market. total domestic sales volume successfully surpassed the one million milestone reached 1.11 million units representing a robust 46.5% yoy increase This was the direct result of our highly integrated domestic strategy. this was the direct result of our highly integrated domestic strategy Our momentum was propelled by four key pillars. our momentum was propelled by four key pillars One, the portfolio optimization, expanding into high-growth category like electric motorcycles, while maintaining our high-end market positions in electric bicycles. one the portfolio optimization expanding into high-growth category like electric motorcycles while maintaining our high-end market positions in electric bicycles Second, technological leadership, sustained investment in cutting-edge smart riding innovations. second technological leadership sustained investment in cutting-edge smart riding innovations Third, brand elevations, targeted campaigns that solidified our premium positions, particularly among the Gen Z demographics. third brand elevations targeted campaigns that solidified our premium positions particularly among the gen z demographics The last, the channel expansion, aggressive scaling of retail network into the lower-tier cities. the last the channel expansion aggressive scaling of retail network into the lower-tier cities Together, those initiatives allowed us to capture a significant market share and drive high volume growth in our home market. together those initiatives allowed us to capture a significant market share and drive high volume growth in our home market Now, first, in 2025, we further fortified our product foundation laid in 2024. Our core NMUF matrix has become the backbone of our business, representing nearly all of total volume. The N-Series continue to be our standout performers, delivering 43% of our total sales and successfully capturing every tier of the market. Throughout 2025, our focus remained on hero SKU development and rapid innovations. This disciplined approach, where nine major products now account for more than 70% of sales, allowed us to iterate faster and deploy our technology platform more effectively, resulting in a leaner and highly responsive product structure. Perhaps the most defining structural evolution for Niu in 2025 was our breakthrough into the electric motorcycle segment. Led by a phenomenal success of FX Windstorm, the e-motorcycle now represent more than 23% of our total annual sales. Now, first, in 2025, we further fortified our product foundation laid in 2024. now first in 2025 we further fortified our product foundation laid in 2024 Our core NMUF matrix has become the backbone of our business, representing nearly all of total volume. our core nmuf matrix has become the backbone of our business representing nearly all of total volume The N-Series continue to be our standout performers, delivering 43% of our total sales and successfully capturing every tier of the market. the n-series continue to be our standout performers delivering 43% of our total sales and successfully capturing every tier of the market Throughout 2025, our focus remained on hero SKU development and rapid innovations. throughout 2025 our focus remained on hero sku development and rapid innovations This disciplined approach, where nine major products now account for more than 70% of sales, allowed us to iterate faster and deploy our technology platform more effectively, resulting in a leaner and highly responsive product structure. this disciplined approach where nine major products now account for more than 70% of sales allowed us to iterate faster and deploy our technology platform more effectively resulting in a leaner and highly responsive product structure Perhaps the most defining structural evolution for Niu in 2025 was our breakthrough into the electric motorcycle segment. perhaps the most defining structural evolution for niu in 2025 was our breakthrough into the electric motorcycle segment Led by a phenomenal success of FX Windstorm, the e-motorcycle now represent more than 23% of our total annual sales. led by a phenomenal success of fx windstorm the e-motorcycle now represent more than 23% of our total annual sales This achievement validates our diversification strategy and proves our unique capability to accelerate the new market catigories. The FX Windstorm has democratized high-end performance by integrating high torque powertrains, strong durable frames supporting a top speed of 80 kph, and flagship technologies like dual-channel ABS and millimeter wave radar into accessible RMB 4,000-5,000 range. We created a mass competitive moat. As the first high-speed e-motorcycle for the Gen Z segment, its momentum surged to a remarkable 42% of our total sales in the fourth quarter. Beyond its appeal to a young enthusiast, the Windstorm spec defined by high torque powertrain and durability served as our primary engine to break through the high-growth delivery segment. Recognizing that professional riders were underserved, we responded with a targeted multimodal ladder strategy. This achievement validates our diversification strategy and proves our unique capability to accelerate the new market catigories. this achievement validates our diversification strategy and proves our unique capability to accelerate the new market catigories The FX Windstorm has democratized high-end performance by integrating high torque powertrains, strong durable frames supporting a top speed of 80 kph , and flagship technologies like dual-channel ABS and millimeter wave radar into accessible RMB 4,000-5,000 range. the fx windstorm has democratized high-end performance by integrating high torque powertrains strong durable frames supporting a top speed of 80 kph and flagship technologies like dual-channel abs and millimeter wave radar into accessible rmb 4,000-5,000 range We created a mass competitive moat. we created a mass competitive moat As the first high-speed e-motorcycle for the Gen Z segment, its momentum surged to a remarkable 42% of our total sales in the fourth quarter. as the first high-speed e-motorcycle for the gen z segment its momentum surged to a remarkable 42% of our total sales in the fourth quarter Beyond its appeal to a young enthusiast, the Windstorm spec defined by high torque powertrain and durability served as our primary engine to break through the high-growth delivery segment. beyond its appeal to a young enthusiast the windstorm spec defined by high torque powertrain and durability served as our primary engine to break through the high-growth delivery segment Recognizing that professional riders were underserved, we responded with a targeted multimodal ladder strategy. recognizing that professional riders were underserved we responded with a targeted multimodal ladder strategy The FX Windstorm, with its robust frame and high-performance motor, the FX was our first model to successfully penetrate the delivery market, proving our consumer tech could meet the intensive commercial demands. The NX Windstorm. In Q4, we launched the NX specifically for the delivery professional who requires a higher capacity storage. Built on our newly developed high durability frames with a class-leading 40-liter compartment, the NX contributed 10.5% to our Q4 volume in its debut quarter. Lastly, the NS and FS Windstorm, the entry-level anchors. To complete our coverage, those entry-level anchors serve as our high-value entry-level performance offerings, allowing us to capture the budget-conscious professionals and daily commuters while maintaining a core Windstorm DNA. This expansion, alongside with our premium daily commute specs, has built a highly resilient and diversified revenue base for electric motorcycle segments. The FX Windstorm, with its robust frame and high-performance motor, the FX was our first model to successfully penetrate the delivery market, proving our consumer tech could meet the intensive commercial demands. the fx windstorm with its robust frame and high-performance motor the fx was our first model to successfully penetrate the delivery market proving our consumer tech could meet the intensive commercial demands The NX Windstorm. the nx windstorm In Q4, we launched the NX specifically for the delivery professional who requires a higher capacity storage. in q4 we launched the nx specifically for the delivery professional who requires a higher capacity storage Built on our newly developed high durability frames with a class-leading 40-liter compartment, the NX contributed 10.5% to our Q4 volume in its debut quarter. built on our newly developed high durability frames with a class-leading 40-liter compartment the nx contributed 10.5% to our q4 volume in its debut quarter Lastly, the NS and FS Windstorm, the entry-level anchors. lastly the ns and fs windstorm the entry-level anchors To complete our coverage, those entry-level anchors serve as our high-value entry-level performance offerings, allowing us to capture the budget-conscious professionals and daily commuters while maintaining a core Windstorm DNA. to complete our coverage those entry-level anchors serve as our high-value entry-level performance offerings allowing us to capture the budget-conscious professionals and daily commuters while maintaining a core windstorm dna This expansion, alongside with our premium daily commute specs, has built a highly resilient and diversified revenue base for electric motorcycle segments. this expansion alongside with our premium daily commute specs has built a highly resilient and diversified revenue base for electric motorcycle segments Now looking ahead to 2026, we'll continue to scale this leadership by developing a tailored e-motorcycle offerings for female riders and technology enthusiasts, accelerating our growth in this segment. Now moving to our electric bicycle segment. 2025 was a pivotal transition year as the industry prepared for China's new national standard. Our strategy was twofold, maintaining our dominance in the premium tier while aggressively populating our pipeline with the next generation compliant product. Now to capture the high-end demand, we launched the NXT Ultra 2025 and FXT Ultra 2025. The NXT Ultra features the 10 major upgrades, with 77% core components redesigned to solidify its position as the premium market leaders. Meanwhile, FXT Ultra also added safety benchmarks such as millimeter wave radars and dual-channel ABS. The market response was exceptional. Now looking ahead to 2026, we'll continue to scale this leadership by developing a tailored e-motorcycle offerings for female riders and technology enthusiasts, accelerating our growth in this segment. now looking ahead to 2026 we'll continue to scale this leadership by developing a tailored e-motorcycle offerings for female riders and technology enthusiasts accelerating our growth in this segment Now moving to our electric bicycle segment. 2025 was a pivotal transition year as the industry prepared for China's new national standard. now moving to our electric bicycle segment 2025 was a pivotal transition year as the industry prepared for china's new national standard Our strategy was twofold, maintaining our dominance in the premium tier while aggressively populating our pipeline with the next generation compliant product. our strategy was twofold maintaining our dominance in the premium tier while aggressively populating our pipeline with the next generation compliant product Now to capture the high-end demand, we launched the NXT Ultra 2025 and FXT Ultra 2025. now to capture the high-end demand we launched the nxt ultra 2025 and fxt ultra 2025 The NXT Ultra features the 10 major upgrades, with 77% core components redesigned to solidify its position as the premium market leaders. the nxt ultra features the 10 major upgrades with 77% core components redesigned to solidify its position as the premium market leaders Meanwhile, FXT Ultra also added safety benchmarks such as millimeter wave radars and dual-channel ABS. meanwhile fxt ultra also added safety benchmarks such as millimeter wave radars and dual-channel abs The market response was exceptional. the market response was exceptional We achieved over 20,000 units sold within the first five hours, generating more than RMB 220 million in sales and ranking as a top-selling item across major e-commerce platforms. We also continue to iterate our key models. The MT, our best-selling urban commuter, now accounts for more than 20% of our total annual sales. With its compact design, a vibrant style, and the OkGo assist system, it has become particularly popular with our female demographics, proving our ability to design specific lifestyle segments. The U3 Pro, we upgraded Gen Z favorites with a fine-tuned dual-channel ABS, offering the perfect blend of a trend-driven design and high-performance safety. Now to lead the transition to our new national standard, we strategically launched two key compliance series. The first one, the U11, as our first new standard compliant bicycle. The U11 redefined the urban style. We achieved over 20,000 units sold within the first five hours, generating more than RMB 220 million in sales and ranking as a top-selling item across major e-commerce platforms. we achieved over 20,000 units sold within the first five hours generating more than rmb 220 million in sales and ranking as a top-selling item across major e-commerce platforms We also continue to iterate our key models. we also continue to iterate our key models The MT, our best-selling urban commuter, now accounts for more than 20% of our total annual sales. the mt our best-selling urban commuter now accounts for more than 20% of our total annual sales With its compact design, a vibrant style, and the OkGo assist system, it has become particularly popular with our female demographics, proving our ability to design specific lifestyle segments. with its compact design a vibrant style and the okgo assist system it has become particularly popular with our female demographics proving our ability to design specific lifestyle segments The U3 Pro, we upgraded Gen Z favorites with a fine-tuned dual-channel ABS, offering the perfect blend of a trend-driven design and high-performance safety. Now to lead the transition to our new national standard, we strategically launched two key compliance series. the u3 pro we upgraded gen z favorites with a fine-tuned dual-channel abs offering the perfect blend of a trend-driven design and high-performance safety. now to lead the transition to our new national standard we strategically launched two key compliance series The first one, the U11, as our first new standard compliant bicycle. the first one the u11 as our first new standard compliant bicycle The U11 redefined the urban style. the u11 redefined the urban style Priced between RMB 4,199-RMB 4,699, it features a lightweight design and a smart integration like TCS and keyless entry. The K-series, launching in late 2025, is the lifestyle-first platform. Starting at RMB 3,799, it features the innovative sled-type ring arm skeleton frame for unmatched stability. With a 4.3-inch TFT display and Magic Wheel smart features, it is a personalized mobility statement that drives the trend towards intelligent commuting. Our full matrix of new standard products is progressing steadily, with a complete portfolio on track for a full rollout by Q2 2026. In fact, we'll be showcasing a selection of those upcoming products at our launch event tomorrow. Now, beyond our product expansion, 2025 was also a year of rapid advancement in our core technology stack. Priced between RMB 4,199-RMB 4,699, it features a lightweight design and a smart integration like TCS and keyless entry. priced between rmb 4,199-rmb 4,699 it features a lightweight design and a smart integration like tcs and keyless entry The K-series, launching in late 2025, is the lifestyle-first platform. the k-series launching in late 2025 is the lifestyle-first platform Starting at RMB 3,799, it features the innovative sled-type ring arm skeleton frame for unmatched stability. starting at rmb 3,799 it features the innovative sled-type ring arm skeleton frame for unmatched stability With a 4.3-inch TFT display and Magic Wheel smart features, it is a personalized mobility statement that drives the trend towards intelligent commuting. with a 4.3-inch tft display and magic wheel smart features it is a personalized mobility statement that drives the trend towards intelligent commuting Our full matrix of new standard products is progressing steadily, with a complete portfolio on track for a full rollout by Q2 2026. our full matrix of new standard products is progressing steadily with a complete portfolio on track for a full rollout by q2 2026 In fact, we'll be showcasing a selection of those upcoming products at our launch event tomorrow. in fact we'll be showcasing a selection of those upcoming products at our launch event tomorrow Now, beyond our product expansion, 2025 was also a year of rapid advancement in our core technology stack. now beyond our product expansion 2025 was also a year of rapid advancement in our core technology stack Our R&D strategy focused on the two primary objectives, democratizing the intelligent technology and pioneering the next generation of assisted mobility. In 2025, we successfully migrated high-end intelligent safety features previously exclusive to our flagship models down into our mid-range and entry-level products. This includes a broader implementation of ABS braking system and the radar technology, significantly raising the safety floor for the entire industry. Furthermore, we have introduced a suite of advanced smart functions across more product tiers, including full screen navigation and our signature Magic Wheel interface, the dual direction smart throttles, and adaptive hill descent system. Those features ensure a broader demographic of new riders can enjoy a premium flagship level experience regardless of their price point. At the high end of R&D, we continue to push the boundary of what is possible in the two-wheel industry. Our R&D strategy focused on the two primary objectives, democratizing the intelligent technology and pioneering the next generation of assisted mobility. our r&d strategy focused on the two primary objectives democratizing the intelligent technology and pioneering the next generation of assisted mobility In 2025, we successfully migrated high-end intelligent safety features previously exclusive to our flagship models down into our mid-range and entry-level products. in 2025 we successfully migrated high-end intelligent safety features previously exclusive to our flagship models down into our mid-range and entry-level products This includes a broader implementation of ABS braking system and the radar technology, significantly raising the safety floor for the entire industry. this includes a broader implementation of abs braking system and the radar technology significantly raising the safety floor for the entire industry Furthermore, we have introduced a suite of advanced smart functions across more product tiers, including full screen navigation and our signature Magic Wheel interface, the dual direction smart throttles, and adaptive hill descent system. furthermore we have introduced a suite of advanced smart functions across more product tiers including full screen navigation and our signature magic wheel interface the dual direction smart throttles and adaptive hill descent system Those features ensure a broader demographic of new riders can enjoy a premium flagship level experience regardless of their price point. those features ensure a broader demographic of new riders can enjoy a premium flagship level experience regardless of their price point At the high end of R&D, we continue to push the boundary of what is possible in the two-wheel industry. at the high end of r&d we continue to push the boundary of what is possible in the two-wheel industry Looking ahead to 2026, our focus shifts towards a collaborative and experiential intelligence. We are integrating scenario-based interactions and AI agent capabilities across our entire product ecosystem to create a more intuitive interaction between the rider and the machine. In fact, we're incredibly excited to announce that we'll be unveiling the industry's first AI-enabled smart scooter at our product launch event tomorrow on March 17th. We look forward to sharing more details during this event. Our platform-based R&D strategy continued to deliver a significant operational benefit throughout 2025. By really standardizing the core components and the chassis architecture, we have not only accelerated our product development cycles, but also improved the manufacturing consistency and the cost efficiency. Looking ahead to 2026, our focus shifts towards a collaborative and experiential intelligence. looking ahead to 2026 our focus shifts towards a collaborative and experiential intelligence We are integrating scenario-based interactions and AI agent capabilities across our entire product ecosystem to create a more intuitive interaction between the rider and the machine. we are integrating scenario-based interactions and ai agent capabilities across our entire product ecosystem to create a more intuitive interaction between the rider and the machine In fact, we're incredibly excited to announce that we'll be unveiling the industry's first AI-enabled smart scooter at our product launch event tomorrow on March 17th. in fact we're incredibly excited to announce that we'll be unveiling the industry's first ai-enabled smart scooter at our product launch event tomorrow on march 17th We look forward to sharing more details during this event. we look forward to sharing more details during this event Our platform-based R&D strategy continued to deliver a significant operational benefit throughout 2025. our platform-based r&d strategy continued to deliver a significant operational benefit throughout 2025 By really standardizing the core components and the chassis architecture, we have not only accelerated our product development cycles, but also improved the manufacturing consistency and the cost efficiency. by really standardizing the core components and the chassis architecture we have not only accelerated our product development cycles but also improved the manufacturing consistency and the cost efficiency Now, throughout 2025, we proactively leveraged event-driven initiatives to expand our core user communities while making a targeted effort to solidify our position among the critical Gen Z demographics. Over the past year, we host more than 50 integrated brand activities, directly engaging over 500,000 offline participants, and generate 346 million total impressions. Those initiatives were strategically synchronized with our product launches to maximize impact. Key highlights included a high-profile crossovers, such as partnering with popular titles like Game for Peace, online gaming to resonate with the younger gamers. A performance validation, setting up a lap record for electric two-wheelers at the Shanghai F1 event, showcasing our engineering power. A community milestones, our tenth anniversary playful festivals, and dedicated outdoor scenario-based campaigns ranging from hiking to competitive cycling, which embedded the new brand deeply within the outdoor enthusiast community. Now, throughout 2025, we proactively leveraged event-driven initiatives to expand our core user communities while making a targeted effort to solidify our position among the critical Gen Z demographics. now throughout 2025 we proactively leveraged event-driven initiatives to expand our core user communities while making a targeted effort to solidify our position among the critical gen z demographics Over the past year, we host more than 50 integrated brand activities, directly engaging over 500,000 offline participants, and generate 346 million total impressions. over the past year we host more than 50 integrated brand activities directly engaging over 500,000 offline participants and generate 346 million total impressions Those initiatives were strategically synchronized with our product launches to maximize impact. those initiatives were strategically synchronized with our product launches to maximize impact Key highlights included a high-profile crossovers, such as partnering with popular titles like Game for Peace, online gaming to resonate with the younger gamers. key highlights included a high-profile crossovers such as partnering with popular titles like game for peace online gaming to resonate with the younger gamers A performance validation, setting up a lap record for electric two-wheelers at the Shanghai F1 event, showcasing our engineering power. a performance validation setting up a lap record for electric two-wheelers at the shanghai f1 event showcasing our engineering power A community milestones, our tenth anniversary playful festivals, and dedicated outdoor scenario-based campaigns ranging from hiking to competitive cycling, which embedded the new brand deeply within the outdoor enthusiast community. a community milestones our tenth anniversary playful festivals and dedicated outdoor scenario-based campaigns ranging from hiking to competitive cycling which embedded the new brand deeply within the outdoor enthusiast community As we enter 2026, we're strategically pivoting back to the brand-driven growth. We initiated this shift with the high-profile announcement of our two global brand ambassadors, Wu Lei and Song Yuqi. NIU is the first in our industry to launch a two global ambassadors simultaneously, perfectly embody our core value of performance, trend, and use. This appointment ignite a media blitz that generated over 3.4 billion online impressions. We leveraged this momentum through a saturated offline presence, activating landmark digital displays, and dominating a high-speed rail hubs across 35 cities, reaching an estimate of 500 million travelers. Now, this integrated brand campaign serve a clear purpose, to really reinforce NIU's position as the leading premium electric mobility brand. By combining a massive digital reach with a physical presence, we're building the brand equity necessary to support our next phase of expansion. As we enter 2026, we're strategically pivoting back to the brand-driven growth. as we enter 2026 we're strategically pivoting back to the brand-driven growth We initiated this shift with the high-profile announcement of our two global brand ambassadors, Wu Lei and Song Yuqi. we initiated this shift with the high-profile announcement of our two global brand ambassadors wu lei and song yuqi NIU is the first in our industry to launch a two global ambassadors simultaneously, perfectly embody our core value of performance, trend, and use. niu is the first in our industry to launch a two global ambassadors simultaneously perfectly embody our core value of performance trend and use This appointment ignite a media blitz that generated over 3.4 billion online impressions. this appointment ignite a media blitz that generated over 3.4 billion online impressions We leveraged this momentum through a saturated offline presence, activating landmark digital displays, and dominating a high-speed rail hubs across 35 cities, reaching an estimate of 500 million travelers. we leveraged this momentum through a saturated offline presence activating landmark digital displays and dominating a high-speed rail hubs across 35 cities reaching an estimate of 500 million travelers Now, this integrated brand campaign serve a clear purpose, to really reinforce NIU's position as the leading premium electric mobility brand. now this integrated brand campaign serve a clear purpose to really reinforce niu's position as the leading premium electric mobility brand By combining a massive digital reach with a physical presence, we're building the brand equity necessary to support our next phase of expansion. by combining a massive digital reach with a physical presence we're building the brand equity necessary to support our next phase of expansion Now, in 2025, we continue to aggressively strengthen both our retail footprint and our digital ecosystem. Our nationwide store network has now surpassed 4,500 locations. Throughout this year, we added over 800 new stores with a strategic focus on lower tier cities. This deliberate expansion is driving a deeper market coverage. Our digital channels maintained exceptional momentum in 2025. The total online sales reached approximately 500,000 units, supported by remarkable high online conversion rate of near 50%. This metric is a testament to the health of our consumer demand and seamless efficiency of online to offline model, which successfully bridged the online purchase with the physical retail fulfillment. Now, with the social e-commerce, Douyin has solidified its position as our primary social e-commerce engine. Now, in 2025, we continue to aggressively strengthen both our retail footprint and our digital ecosystem. now in 2025 we continue to aggressively strengthen both our retail footprint and our digital ecosystem Our nationwide store network has now surpassed 4,500 locations. our nationwide store network has now surpassed 4,500 locations Throughout this year, we added over 800 new stores with a strategic focus on lower tier cities. throughout this year we added over 800 new stores with a strategic focus on lower tier cities This deliberate expansion is driving a deeper market coverage. Our digital channels maintained exceptional momentum in 2025. this deliberate expansion is driving a deeper market coverage. our digital channels maintained exceptional momentum in 2025 The total online sales reached approximately 500,000 units, supported by remarkable high online conversion rate of near 50%. the total online sales reached approximately 500,000 units supported by remarkable high online conversion rate of near 50% This metric is a testament to the health of our consumer demand and seamless efficiency of online to offline model, which successfully bridged the online purchase with the physical retail fulfillment. this metric is a testament to the health of our consumer demand and seamless efficiency of online to offline model which successfully bridged the online purchase with the physical retail fulfillment Now, with the social e-commerce, Douyin has solidified its position as our primary social e-commerce engine. now with the social e-commerce douyin has solidified its position as our primary social e-commerce engine Our ecosystem there, powered by nine official flagship accounts and close to 1,000 dealer-operated accounts, generates over 95,000 live streams and 2.51 billion annual impressions. Having a perfected social e-commerce playbook, we plan to rapidly replicate the success model on Kuaishou in 2026. We are also expanding our online coverage to Meituan with 73 of our retail stores with Meituan accounts, another mass online channel for broader reach. Now, moving to our international operation. While 2025 was a transition year for our overseas market, the underlying data reveals a significant structural improvement and a much healthier foundation for the year ahead. For the full year, overseas sales totaled 80,000 units, with close to 14,000 units delivered in the fourth quarter. First, our performance in international electric motorcycle segment was a major highlight. Our ecosystem there, powered by nine official flagship accounts and close to 1,000 dealer-operated accounts, generates over 95,000 live streams and 2.51 billion annual impressions. our ecosystem there powered by nine official flagship accounts and close to 1,000 dealer-operated accounts generates over 95,000 live streams and 2.51 billion annual impressions Having a perfected social e-commerce playbook, we plan to rapidly replicate the success model on Kuaishou in 2026. having a perfected social e-commerce playbook we plan to rapidly replicate the success model on kuaishou in 2026 We are also expanding our online coverage to Meituan with 73 of our retail stores with Meituan accounts, another mass online channel for broader reach. we are also expanding our online coverage to meituan with 73 of our retail stores with meituan accounts another mass online channel for broader reach Now, moving to our international operation. now moving to our international operation While 2025 was a transition year for our overseas market, the underlying data reveals a significant structural improvement and a much healthier foundation for the year ahead. while 2025 was a transition year for our overseas market the underlying data reveals a significant structural improvement and a much healthier foundation for the year ahead For the full year, overseas sales totaled 80,000 units, with close to 14,000 units delivered in the fourth quarter. for the full year overseas sales totaled 80,000 units with close to 14,000 units delivered in the fourth quarter First, our performance in international electric motorcycle segment was a major highlight. first our performance in international electric motorcycle segment was a major highlight In Q4, we have delivered more than 2,000 units, a 187% YoY increase. For the full year, the sales units surged to 9,600 units, up 227% compared with 2024. This success was directly driven by our direct-to-retailer model. By bypassing the traditional distributors, we significantly expand our dealer networks from 120 to close to 300 by Q4, surpassing our initial expansion target and giving us the direct control over the brand experience and the pricing. We also used 2025 to seed our future growth. In EICMA 2025, we unveiled a strong global pipeline, including a FQiX Urban Series, a NQi 1000 High Performance Motorcycle, and XQi 500 Off-Road Series. Those models will enter global markets through our DTR channels in 2026. In Q4, we have delivered more than 2,000 units, a 187% YoY increase. in q4 we have delivered more than 2,000 units a 187% yoy increase For the full year, the sales units surged to 9,600 units, up 227% compared with 2024. for the full year the sales units surged to 9,600 units up 227% compared with 2024 This success was directly driven by our direct-to-retailer model. this success was directly driven by our direct-to-retailer model By bypassing the traditional distributors, we significantly expand our dealer networks from 120 to close to 300 by Q4, surpassing our initial expansion target and giving us the direct control over the brand experience and the pricing. by bypassing the traditional distributors we significantly expand our dealer networks from 120 to close to 300 by q4 surpassing our initial expansion target and giving us the direct control over the brand experience and the pricing We also used 2025 to seed our future growth. we also used 2025 to seed our future growth In EICMA 2025, we unveiled a strong global pipeline, including a FQiX Urban Series, a NQi 1000 High Performance Motorcycle, and XQi 500 Off-Road Series. in eicma 2025 we unveiled a strong global pipeline including a fqix urban series a nqi 1000 high performance motorcycle and xqi 500 off-road series Those models will enter global markets through our DTR channels in 2026. those models will enter global markets through our dtr channels in 2026 Furthermore, we pioneer a new territory such as North Africa, marked by our successful commercial launch in Algeria, with our first 900 units CKD shipment in June. With this operation foundation in place, we expect a continued rapid growth in the electric motorcycle segment throughout 2026. Now, in the micromobility segment, we execute a planned transition to prioritize the long-term health over short-term volume. A full-year sales total of 70,000 units with a YoY decline, reflecting our strategic decision to restructure channels in the U.S. and Germany. We have successfully moved away from distributor-heavy models in favor of direct retail partnership. This transition allows us to capture a higher margin, exert greater control over our brands, and respond with much more agility to shifting retail trends. Now, the most critical indicator of brand health is on the retail end. Furthermore, we pioneer a new territory such as North Africa, marked by our successful commercial launch in Algeria, with our first 900 units CKD shipment in June. furthermore we pioneer a new territory such as north africa marked by our successful commercial launch in algeria with our first 900 units ckd shipment in june With this operation foundation in place, we expect a continued rapid growth in the electric motorcycle segment throughout 2026. with this operation foundation in place we expect a continued rapid growth in the electric motorcycle segment throughout 2026 Now, in the micromobility segment, we execute a planned transition to prioritize the long-term health over short-term volume. now in the micromobility segment we execute a planned transition to prioritize the long-term health over short-term volume A full-year sales total of 70,000 units with a YoY decline, reflecting our strategic decision to restructure channels in the U.S. and Germany. a full-year sales total of 70,000 units with a yoy decline reflecting our strategic decision to restructure channels in the u.s and germany We have successfully moved away from distributor-heavy models in favor of direct retail partnership. we have successfully moved away from distributor-heavy models in favor of direct retail partnership This transition allows us to capture a higher margin, exert greater control over our brands, and respond with much more agility to shifting retail trends. this transition allows us to capture a higher margin exert greater control over our brands and respond with much more agility to shifting retail trends Now, the most critical indicator of brand health is on the retail end. now the most critical indicator of brand health is on the retail end We saw over 100,000 scooters activated in consumer this year. The fact that activation are significantly higher than our sales in volume is a definite sign of a robust consumer demand. With this new channel model, our priority is to finalize the inventory normalization and position this business for sustainable and profitable growth. Now, looking ahead, we see 2026 as a year defined by strategic acceleration across our entire diversified portfolio. Our groundwork in 2025 has set the stage for significant scaling in both our domestic and international operations. In the China market, in the electric bicycle segment, we expect the market to continue navigating a transitional phase through the Q1 of 2026 this year as the new standards are fully implemented. We saw over 100,000 scooters activated in consumer this year. we saw over 100,000 scooters activated in consumer this year The fact that activation are significantly higher than our sales in volume is a definite sign of a robust consumer demand. the fact that activation are significantly higher than our sales in volume is a definite sign of a robust consumer demand With this new channel model, our priority is to finalize the inventory normalization and position this business for sustainable and profitable growth. with this new channel model our priority is to finalize the inventory normalization and position this business for sustainable and profitable growth Now, looking ahead, we see 2026 as a year defined by strategic acceleration across our entire diversified portfolio. now looking ahead we see 2026 as a year defined by strategic acceleration across our entire diversified portfolio Our groundwork in 2025 has set the stage for significant scaling in both our domestic and international operations. our groundwork in 2025 has set the stage for significant scaling in both our domestic and international operations In the China market, in the electric bicycle segment, we expect the market to continue navigating a transitional phase through the Q1 of 2026 this year as the new standards are fully implemented. in the china market in the electric bicycle segment we expect the market to continue navigating a transitional phase through the q1 of 2026 this year as the new standards are fully implemented We anticipate the consumer demand to remain measured through Q1, followed by a pronounced recovery as the regulatory framework stabilizes and the supply chain adapts. To lead this recovery, we'll execute a phased rollout of our new standard product matrix, with the full compliant lineup on track for completion by Q2 2026. Conversely, our electric motorcycle segment is poised for a major breakout, supported by an increasingly favorable regulatory environment and a powerful market validation of our Windstorm platform. We are strategically positioned to capture the accelerated growth in this category. With expanded product portfolios to cover more consumer segments, we believe we have built the most resilient and comprehensive e-motorcycle lineup, capable of capturing market shares across both professional and the lifestyle segments. Now, turning to our international operations, we are transitioning from a period of restructuring to one for profitable scaling. We anticipate the consumer demand to remain measured through Q1, followed by a pronounced recovery as the regulatory framework stabilizes and the supply chain adapts. we anticipate the consumer demand to remain measured through q1 followed by a pronounced recovery as the regulatory framework stabilizes and the supply chain adapts To lead this recovery, we'll execute a phased rollout of our new standard product matrix, with the full compliant lineup on track for completion by Q2 2026. to lead this recovery we'll execute a phased rollout of our new standard product matrix with the full compliant lineup on track for completion by q2 2026 Conversely, our electric motorcycle segment is poised for a major breakout, supported by an increasingly favorable regulatory environment and a powerful market validation of our Windstorm platform. conversely our electric motorcycle segment is poised for a major breakout supported by an increasingly favorable regulatory environment and a powerful market validation of our windstorm platform We are strategically positioned to capture the accelerated growth in this category. we are strategically positioned to capture the accelerated growth in this category With expanded product portfolios to cover more consumer segments, we believe we have built the most resilient and comprehensive e-motorcycle lineup, capable of capturing market shares across both professional and the lifestyle segments. with expanded product portfolios to cover more consumer segments we believe we have built the most resilient and comprehensive e-motorcycle lineup capable of capturing market shares across both professional and the lifestyle segments Now, turning to our international operations, we are transitioning from a period of restructuring to one for profitable scaling. now turning to our international operations we are transitioning from a period of restructuring to one for profitable scaling In the electric motorcycle segments, we project a continued and disciplined expansion fueled by our measured direct-to-retail network. By owning those dealer relationships directly, we're seeing a significant improvement in brand consistency and service quality, which we expect to translate into higher volume growth. In the micro-mobility segment, our primary objective for 2026 remains the finalization of inventory normalization. By prioritizing healthy sell-through over our artificial sell-in volume and maintaining a lean, agile channel structure, we're establishing a sustainable baseline for the near future. Now, in summary, based on our current market visibility and momentum for our new product launches, we expect the total sales volume for the full year 2026 to reach between 1.67 million to 1.91 million units. Now with that, let me turn the call to Fion. In the electric motorcycle segments, we project a continued and disciplined expansion fueled by our measured direct-to-retail network. By owning those dealer relationships directly, we're seeing a significant improvement in brand consistency and service quality, which we expect to translate into higher volume growth. in the electric motorcycle segments we project a continued and disciplined expansion fueled by our measured direct-to-retail network. by owning those dealer relationships directly we're seeing a significant improvement in brand consistency and service quality which we expect to translate into higher volume growth In the micro-mobility segment, our primary objective for 2026 remains the finalization of inventory normalization. in the micro-mobility segment our primary objective for 2026 remains the finalization of inventory normalization By prioritizing healthy sell-through over our artificial sell-in volume and maintaining a lean, agile channel structure, we're establishing a sustainable baseline for the near future. by prioritizing healthy sell-through over our artificial sell-in volume and maintaining a lean agile channel structure we're establishing a sustainable baseline for the near future Now, in summary, based on our current market visibility and momentum for our new product launches, we expect the total sales volume for the full year 2026 to reach between 1.67 million to 1.91 million units. now in summary based on our current market visibility and momentum for our new product launches we expect the total sales volume for the full year 2026 to reach between 1.67 million to 1.91 million units Now with that, let me turn the call to Fion. now with that let me turn the call to fion

Speaker 1: Thank you, Yan, and hello, everyone. Please note that our press release contains all the figures and comparisons you need, and we have also uploaded the Excel format figures to our IR website for your easy reference. As I review our financial results, I'm referring to the fourth quarter figures unless stated otherwise, and all monetary figures are in RMB if not specified. As Yan just mentioned, our total sales volume for the fourth quarter was 173,000 units, a decrease of 24% compared to the same period of last year. Specifically, China sales volume was 159,000 units, accounting for 92% of total sales volume, and overseas volume was 14,000 units. Thank you, Yan, and hello, everyone. thank you yan and hello everyone Please note that our press release contains all the figures and comparisons you need, and we have also uploaded the Excel format figures to our IR website for your easy reference. please note that our press release contains all the figures and comparisons you need and we have also uploaded the excel format figures to our ir website for your easy reference As I review our financial results, I'm referring to the fourth quarter figures unless stated otherwise, and all monetary figures are in RMB if not specified. as i review our financial results i'm referring to the fourth quarter figures unless stated otherwise and all monetary figures are in rmb if not specified As Yan just mentioned, our total sales volume for the fourth quarter was 173,000 units, a decrease of 24% compared to the same period of last year. as yan just mentioned our total sales volume for the fourth quarter was 173,000 units a decrease of 24% compared to the same period of last year Specifically, China sales volume was 159,000 units, accounting for 92% of total sales volume, and overseas volume was 14,000 units. specifically china sales volume was 159,000 units accounting for 92% of total sales volume and overseas volume was 14,000 units For the full year 2025, total sales volume was nearly 1.2 million units, including 1.1 million units in China market and 80,000 units overseas. At the end of 2025, the number of franchise stores in China was 4,540. Total revenue in the fourth quarter was CNY 676 million, down 17% compared to the same period of last year. To break down the scooter revenues by region, the scooter revenues in China were CNY 545 million, down 16% YoY and accounted for 91% of total scooter revenues. The decrease was mainly due to the lower sales volume and revenue per scooter. For the full year 2025, total sales volume was nearly 1.2 million units, including 1.1 million units in China market and 80,000 units overseas. for the full year 2025 total sales volume was nearly 1.2 million units including 1.1 million units in china market and 80,000 units overseas At the end of 2025, the number of franchise stores in China was 4,540. at the end of 2025 the number of franchise stores in china was 4,540 Total revenue in the fourth quarter was CNY 676 million, down 17% compared to the same period of last year. total revenue in the fourth quarter was cny 676 million down 17% compared to the same period of last year To break down the scooter revenues by region, the scooter revenues in China were CNY 545 million, down 16% YoY and accounted for 91% of total scooter revenues. to break down the scooter revenues by region the scooter revenues in china were cny 545 million down 16% yoy and accounted for 91% of total scooter revenues The decrease was mainly due to the lower sales volume and revenue per scooter. the decrease was mainly due to the lower sales volume and revenue per scooter China scooter ASP was RMB 3,431, down 3% YoY and up 5% sequentially, mainly driven by the changes in product mix. With the shift from models such as MT, NLT, and NGT to FX, U1, and NX, those new models. Overseas scooter revenues, including electric motorcycles, mopeds, and kick scooters, were RMB 36 million, representing 6% of total scooter revenues. Branded scooter ASP increased to RMB 2,600, up 32% YoY, mainly driven by the greater sales mix contribution from electric motorcycles, which commanded the higher retail prices. Accessories, spare parts, and services revenue were RMB 95 million, up 11% YoY and accounted for 14% of total revenues. This increase was primarily driven by the higher revenues from new smart services as well as from accessories spare parts sales in China market. China scooter ASP was RMB 3,431, down 3% YoY and up 5% sequentially, mainly driven by the changes in product mix. china scooter asp was rmb 3,431 down 3% yoy and up 5% sequentially mainly driven by the changes in product mix With the shift from models such as MT, NLT, and NGT to FX, U1, and NX, those new models. with the shift from models such as mt nlt and ngt to fx u1 and nx those new models Overseas scooter revenues, including electric motorcycles, mopeds, and kick scooters, were RMB 36 million, representing 6% of total scooter revenues. overseas scooter revenues including electric motorcycles mopeds and kick scooters were rmb 36 million representing 6% of total scooter revenues Branded scooter ASP increased to RMB 2,600, up 32% YoY, mainly driven by the greater sales mix contribution from electric motorcycles, which commanded the higher retail prices. branded scooter asp increased to rmb 2,600 up 32% yoy mainly driven by the greater sales mix contribution from electric motorcycles which commanded the higher retail prices Accessories, spare parts, and services revenue were RMB 95 million, up 11% YoY and accounted for 14% of total revenues. accessories spare parts and services revenue were rmb 95 million up 11% yoy and accounted for 14% of total revenues This increase was primarily driven by the higher revenues from new smart services as well as from accessories spare parts sales in China market. this increase was primarily driven by the higher revenues from new smart services as well as from accessories spare parts sales in china market For the full year 2025, the total revenue increased by 31% from RMB 3.3 billion last year to RMB 4.3 billion this year. China scooter revenue as a whole saw a nearly 42%YoY increase from RMB 2.6 billion last year to RMB 3.6 billion this year, taking 93% of total scooter revenues. Overseas scooter revenues decreased by 33% from RMB 397 million last year to RMB 267 million this year, taking 7% of total scooter revenues. The total overseas revenues, including scooters and non-scooters, contributing to nearly 7% of the total revenues. Let's take a look at ASP in 2025. The overall scooter ASP increased slightly from RMB 3,203 last year to RMB 3,269 this year. For the full year 2025, the total revenue increased by 31% from RMB 3.3 billion last year to RMB 4.3 billion this year. for the full year 2025 the total revenue increased by 31% from rmb 3.3 billion last year to rmb 4.3 billion this year China scooter revenue as a whole saw a nearly 42% YoY increase from RMB 2.6 billion last year to RMB 3.6 billion this year, taking 93% of total scooter revenues. china scooter revenue as a whole saw a nearly 42% yoy increase from rmb 2.6 billion last year to rmb 3.6 billion this year taking 93% of total scooter revenues Overseas scooter revenues decreased by 33% from RMB 397 million last year to RMB 267 million this year, taking 7% of total scooter revenues. overseas scooter revenues decreased by 33% from rmb 397 million last year to rmb 267 million this year taking 7% of total scooter revenues The total overseas revenues, including scooters and non-scooters, contributing to nearly 7% of the total revenues. the total overseas revenues including scooters and non-scooters contributing to nearly 7% of the total revenues Let's take a look at ASP in 2025. let's take a look at asp in 2025 The overall scooter ASP increased slightly from RMB 3,203 last year to RMB 3,269 this year. the overall scooter asp increased slightly from rmb 3,203 last year to rmb 3,269 this year Among this, the China scooter ASP decreased slightly from RMB 3,377 last year to RMB 3,264 this year, primarily due to the changes in the product mix we mentioned in the previous quarters. In 2024, large-scale scooters like NXT, NT, and N-Play dominated our bestsellers, with the average retail price exceeding RMB 5,000, while the more compact model MT scooters, with a retail price range from RMB 3,700-RMB 4,600, emerged as the best seller in 2025. While in the meanwhile, the large-scale scooter like NXT, NLT still maintain a strong sales momentum in 2025. The overseas branded scooter ASP was RMB 3,330, nearly 40% increase YoY, and driven by the greater proportion of revenue cont- Among this, the China scooter ASP decreased slightly from RMB 3,377 last year to RMB 3,264 this year, primarily due to the changes in the product mix we mentioned in the previous quarters. among this the china scooter asp decreased slightly from rmb 3,377 last year to rmb 3,264 this year primarily due to the changes in the product mix we mentioned in the previous quarters In 2024, large-scale scooters like NXT, NT, and N-Play dominated our bestsellers, with the average retail price exceeding RMB 5,000, while the more compact model MT scooters, with a retail price range from RMB 3,700-RMB 4,600, emerged as the best seller in 2025. in 2024 large-scale scooters like nxt nt and n-play dominated our bestsellers with the average retail price exceeding rmb 5,000 while the more compact model mt scooters with a retail price range from rmb 3,700-rmb 4,600 emerged as the best seller in 2025 While in the meanwhile, the large-scale scooter like NXT, NLT still maintain a strong sales momentum in 2025. while in the meanwhile the large-scale scooter like nxt nlt still maintain a strong sales momentum in 2025 The overseas branded scooter ASP was RMB 3,330, nearly 40% increase YoY, and driven by the greater proportion of revenue cont- the overseas branded scooter asp was rmb 3,330 nearly 40% increase yoy and driven by the greater proportion of revenue cont-

Speaker 3: Please stand by while our speaker reconnects. Thank you for your patience. Please stand by while our speaker reconnects. Please stand by while our speaker reconnects. Thank you for your patience. Please stand by while our speaker reconnects. Speakers, you may proceed. Thank you. Please stand by while our speaker reconnects. please stand by while our speaker reconnects Thank you for your patience. thank you for your patience Please stand by while our speaker reconnects. please stand by while our speaker reconnects Please stand by while our speaker reconnects. please stand by while our speaker reconnects Thank you for your patience. thank you for your patience Please stand by while our speaker reconnects. please stand by while our speaker reconnects Speakers, you may proceed. speakers you may proceed Thank you. thank you

Speaker 1: Hello, this is Fion. We're reconnecting. We continued by the overseas blended scooter ASP. The overseas blended scooter ASP in 2025 was CNY 3,330, a nearly 40% increase YoY, and driven by a greater proportion of revenue contribution from higher-priced electric motorcycles and mopeds. The gross margin for the fourth quarter was 15.3%, up 2.9 PPT compared to the same period of last year. The increase was primarily attributed to the continued margin improvements in the domestic market. For the full year 2025, our gross margin was 19.6%, up from 15.2% in the previous year, representing a YoY increase of 4.4 PPT. This increase was primarily driven by the China market, reflecting a strategic shift in the product mix towards the higher margin scooters. Hello, this is Fion. hello this is fion We're reconnecting. we're reconnecting We continued by the overseas blended scooter ASP. we continued by the overseas blended scooter asp The overseas blended scooter ASP in 2025 was CNY 3,330, a nearly 40% increase YoY , and driven by a greater proportion of revenue contribution from higher-priced electric motorcycles and mopeds. the overseas blended scooter asp in 2025 was cny 3,330 a nearly 40% increase yoy and driven by a greater proportion of revenue contribution from higher-priced electric motorcycles and mopeds The gross margin for the fourth quarter was 15.3%, up 2.9 PPT compared to the same period of last year. the gross margin for the fourth quarter was 15.3% up 2.9 ppt compared to the same period of last year The increase was primarily attributed to the continued margin improvements in the domestic market. the increase was primarily attributed to the continued margin improvements in the domestic market For the full year 2025, our gross margin was 19.6%, up from 15.2% in the previous year, representing a YoY increase of 4.4 PPT. for the full year 2025 our gross margin was 19.6% up from 15.2% in the previous year representing a yoy increase of 4.4 ppt This increase was primarily driven by the China market, reflecting a strategic shift in the product mix towards the higher margin scooters. this increase was primarily driven by the china market reflecting a strategic shift in the product mix towards the higher margin scooters For example, the MT, NXT, FXT, and et cetera, along with our continued cost reduction in the domestic market. This was partially offset by a lower growth margin of kick scooters in international markets. The fourth quarter OpEx was CNY 206 million, CNY 13 million higher than the same period of last year, and the OpEx ratio was 30.5%, compared to 23.6% in the fourth quarter of 2024. Selling and marketing expenses were CNY 144 million, CNY 8 million higher than the same period of last year, primarily due to the higher rental expenses in the international markets, along with the increased staff cost and higher depreciation and amortization expenses. This was partially offset by a decrease in advertising and promotion expenses in China market. For example, the MT, NXT, FXT, and et cetera, along with our continued cost reduction in the domestic market. for example the mt nxt fxt and et cetera along with our continued cost reduction in the domestic market This was partially offset by a lower growth margin of kick scooters in international markets. this was partially offset by a lower growth margin of kick scooters in international markets The fourth quarter OpEx was CNY 206 million, CNY 13 million higher than the same period of last year, and the OpEx ratio was 30.5%, compared to 23.6% in the fourth quarter of 2024. the fourth quarter opex was cny 206 million cny 13 million higher than the same period of last year and the opex ratio was 30.5% compared to 23.6% in the fourth quarter of 2024 Selling and marketing expenses were CNY 144 million, CNY 8 million higher than the same period of last year, primarily due to the higher rental expenses in the international markets, along with the increased staff cost and higher depreciation and amortization expenses. selling and marketing expenses were cny 144 million cny 8 million higher than the same period of last year primarily due to the higher rental expenses in the international markets along with the increased staff cost and higher depreciation and amortization expenses This was partially offset by a decrease in advertising and promotion expenses in China market. this was partially offset by a decrease in advertising and promotion expenses in china market Selling and marketing expenses accounted for 21.3% of revenue, compared to 16.6% in the same period of last year, and 12.7% last quarter. Research and development expenses were nearly RMB 50 million, RMB 11 million higher than the same period of last year, mainly due to the higher staff costs, share-based compensation, and increased design and testing expenses. Research and development expenses accounted for 7.3% of revenue, compared to 4.7% in the same period of last year, and 2.6% last quarter. General and administrative expenses were nearly RMB 13 million, around RMB 6 million lower than the same period of last year, mainly due to a decrease in taxes and surcharges, which were partially offset by an increase in foreign exchange losses. Selling and marketing expenses accounted for 21.3% of revenue, compared to 16.6% in the same period of last year, and 12.7% last quarter. selling and marketing expenses accounted for 21.3% of revenue compared to 16.6% in the same period of last year and 12.7% last quarter Research and development expenses were nearly RMB 50 million, RMB 11 million higher than the same period of last year, mainly due to the higher staff costs, share-based compensation, and increased design and testing expenses. research and development expenses were nearly rmb 50 million rmb 11 million higher than the same period of last year mainly due to the higher staff costs share-based compensation and increased design and testing expenses Research and development expenses accounted for 7.3% of revenue, compared to 4.7% in the same period of last year, and 2.6% last quarter. research and development expenses accounted for 7.3% of revenue compared to 4.7% in the same period of last year and 2.6% last quarter General and administrative expenses were nearly RMB 13 million, around RMB 6 million lower than the same period of last year, mainly due to a decrease in taxes and surcharges, which were partially offset by an increase in foreign exchange losses. general and administrative expenses were nearly rmb 13 million around rmb 6 million lower than the same period of last year mainly due to a decrease in taxes and surcharges which were partially offset by an increase in foreign exchange losses G&A expenses accounted for 1.8% of revenue and compared to 2.2% in the same period of last year and 2.3% last quarter. For the full year 2025, the OpEx were RMB 933 million, 24% higher than last year, and OpEx ratio were nearly 21.7% compared to 22.8% last year. Selling and marketing expenses were RMB 676 million, RMB 186 million or 38% higher than last year and about 15.7% of revenue, compared to 14.9% in 2024. G&A expenses accounted for 1.8% of revenue and compared to 2.2% in the same period of last year and 2.3% last quarter. g&a expenses accounted for 1.8% of revenue and compared to 2.2% in the same period of last year and 2.3% last quarter For the full year 2025, the OpEx were RMB 933 million, 24% higher than last year, and OpEx ratio were nearly 21.7% compared to 22.8% last year. for the full year 2025 the opex were rmb 933 million 24% higher than last year and opex ratio were nearly 21.7% compared to 22.8% last year Selling and marketing expenses were RMB 676 million, RMB 186 million or 38% higher than last year and about 15.7% of revenue, compared to 14.9% in 2024. selling and marketing expenses were rmb 676 million rmb 186 million or 38% higher than last year and about 15.7% of revenue compared to 14.9% in 2024 R&D expenses were RMB 166 million, 36 million or 28% higher than last year and about 3.9% of revenue, compared to 4% in 2024. G&A expenses were 91 million, 40 million or 30% lower than last year, and about 2.1% of revenue, compared to 4% in 2024. Non-GAAP operating expenses were RMB 906 million, accounted for 21% of revenues compared to 22.1% last year. In the fourth quarter, we had a net loss of RMB 88 million and a non-GAAP net loss of RMB 82 million. On a full year basis, we had a net loss of RMB 39 million and a non-GAAP net loss of RMB 12 million. Turning to our balance sheet and cash flow. R&D expenses were RMB 166 million, 36 million or 28% higher than last year and about 3.9% of revenue, compared to 4% in 2024. r&d expenses were rmb 166 million 36 million or 28% higher than last year and about 3.9% of revenue compared to 4% in 2024 G&A expenses were 91 million, 40 million or 30% lower than last year, and about 2.1% of revenue, compared to 4% in 2024. g&a expenses were 91 million 40 million or 30% lower than last year and about 2.1% of revenue compared to 4% in 2024 Non-GAAP operating expenses were RMB 906 million, accounted for 21% of revenues compared to 22.1% last year. non-gaap operating expenses were rmb 906 million accounted for 21% of revenues compared to 22.1% last year In the fourth quarter, we had a net loss of RMB 88 million and a non-GAAP net loss of RMB 82 million. in the fourth quarter we had a net loss of rmb 88 million and a non-gaap net loss of rmb 82 million On a full year basis, we had a net loss of RMB 39 million and a non-GAAP net loss of RMB 12 million. on a full year basis we had a net loss of rmb 39 million and a non-gaap net loss of rmb 12 million Turning to our balance sheet and cash flow. turning to our balance sheet and cash flow We ended the year with RMB 1.3 billion in cash, restricted cash, term deposit and short-term investments. On an annual basis, the operating inflow was around RMB 350 million, primarily reflecting the net income after adjusting for non-cash items. Our fourth quarter CapEx was RMB 48 million, and for the full year 2025, the CapEx was RMB 178 million. RMB 58 million higher than last year because of the module cost and store expansion in the domestic market. Now let's turn to guidance. We expect the first quarter revenue to be in the range of RMB 887 million-RMB 1,023 million, an increase of 30%-50% YoY. We ended the year with RMB 1.3 billion in cash, restricted cash, term deposit and short-term investments. we ended the year with rmb 1.3 billion in cash restricted cash term deposit and short-term investments On an annual basis, the operating inflow was around RMB 350 million, primarily reflecting the net income after adjusting for non-cash items. on an annual basis the operating inflow was around rmb 350 million primarily reflecting the net income after adjusting for non-cash items Our fourth quarter CapEx was RMB 48 million, and for the full year 2025, the CapEx was RMB 178 million. our fourth quarter capex was rmb 48 million and for the full year 2025 the capex was rmb 178 million RMB 58 million higher than last year because of the module cost and store expansion in the domestic market. rmb 58 million higher than last year because of the module cost and store expansion in the domestic market Now let's turn to guidance. now let's turn to guidance We expect the first quarter revenue to be in the range of RMB 887 million-RMB 1,023 million, an increase of 30%-50% YoY . we expect the first quarter revenue to be in the range of rmb 887 million-rmb 1,023 million an increase of 30%-50% yoy The sales volume for 2026 was expected in the range of 1.67 million-1.91 million units, as Yan just mentioned. Please be aware that the sales outlook is based on the information available as of today and reflects the company's current and preliminary expectation, which is subject to change due to the uncertainty related to various factors. With that, we'll now open the call for any questions that you may have for us. Operator, please go ahead. The sales volume for 2026 was expected in the range of 1.67 million-1.91 million units, as Yan just mentioned. the sales volume for 2026 was expected in the range of 1.67 million-1.91 million units as yan just mentioned Please be aware that the sales outlook is based on the information available as of today and reflects the company's current and preliminary expectation, which is subject to change due to the uncertainty related to various factors. please be aware that the sales outlook is based on the information available as of today and reflects the company's current and preliminary expectation which is subject to change due to the uncertainty related to various factors With that, we'll now open the call for any questions that you may have for us. with that we'll now open the call for any questions that you may have for us Operator, please go ahead. operator please go ahead

Speaker 3: Thank you. To ask a question you will need to press star one and one on your telephone and wait for your name to be announced. To withdraw your question, please press star one and one again. Please stand by while we compile the Q&A queue. Once again, that's star one and one on your telephone if you'd like to register a question. Please wait for your name to be announced. To withdraw your question, please press star one and one again. We'll now go to our first question. Our first question comes from the line of Yating Chen from CICC. Please go ahead. Your line is open. Thank you. thank you To ask a question you will need to press star one and one on your telephone and wait for your name to be announced. to ask a question you will need to press star one and one on your telephone and wait for your name to be announced To withdraw your question, please press star one and one again. to withdraw your question please press star one and one again Please stand by while we compile the Q&A queue. please stand by while we compile the q&a queue Once again, that's star one and one on your telephone if you'd like to register a question. once again that's star one and one on your telephone if you'd like to register a question Please wait for your name to be announced. please wait for your name to be announced To withdraw your question, please press star one and one again. to withdraw your question please press star one and one again We'll now go to our first question. we'll now go to our first question Our first question comes from the line of Yating Chen from CICC. our first question comes from the line of yating chen from cicc Please go ahead. please go ahead Your line is open. your line is open

Speaker 5: Hi, Yan and Fion. This is Yating from CICC, and I have two quick questions. First, could you share the current inventory situation for your kick scooters in overseas markets? And how you are thinking about the kick scooter business in 2026? Second, with the implementation of the new national standard for e-scooters in China, how should we think about the potential cost increase and the company's response? Thank you. That's all my questions. Hi, Yan and Fion . hi yan and fion This is Yating from CICC, and I have two quick questions. this is yating from cicc and i have two quick questions First, could you share the current inventory situation for your kick scooters in overseas markets? first could you share the current inventory situation for your kick scooters in overseas markets And how you are thinking about the kick scooter business in 2026? and how you are thinking about the kick scooter business in 2026 Second, with the implementation of the new national standard for e-scooters in China, how should we think about the potential cost increase and the company's response? second with the implementation of the new national standard for e-scooters in china how should we think about the potential cost increase and the company's response Thank you. thank you That's all my questions. that's all my questions

Speaker 1: Okay. This is Fion. I'll take the first question. Regarding the inventory, actually, we already released the balance sheet figures in our earnings release, and the amount is around CNY 650 million for the whole inventory, net inventory level. I should say that more than 50% of our overall inventory are the aged kick scooters, which means more than CNY 300 million inventory are coming from the aged kick scooters. That's why, you know, Yan just mentioned in the call is that in 2026, our top priority on the kick scooters is to improve the turnover of the aged inventory, especially the kick scooters, to change the business model into a more lean and straightforward and with our channel partners. Okay. okay This is Fion. this is fion I'll take the first question. i'll take the first question Regarding the inventory, actually, we already released the balance sheet figures in our earnings release, and the amount is around CNY 650 million for the whole inventory, net inventory level. regarding the inventory actually we already released the balance sheet figures in our earnings release and the amount is around cny 650 million for the whole inventory net inventory level I should say that more than 50% of our overall inventory are the aged kick scooters, which means more than CNY 300 million inventory are coming from the aged kick scooters. i should say that more than 50% of our overall inventory are the aged kick scooters which means more than cny 300 million inventory are coming from the aged kick scooters That's why, you know, Yan just mentioned in the call is that in 2026, our top priority on the kick scooters is to improve the turnover of the aged inventory, especially the kick scooters, to change the business model into a more lean and straightforward and with our channel partners. that's why you know yan just mentioned in the call is that in 2026 our top priority on the kick scooters is to improve the turnover of the aged inventory especially the kick scooters to change the business model into a more lean and straightforward and with our channel partners On top of that, I think, you know, for the whole year, 2026, for the kick scooters, we are going to focus on the inventory itself instead of the new models imports. Now we are expected to spend the whole year, 2026, to improve the inventory clearance and also, you know, to change the channel into a more healthier business model to support our going forward kick scooter business. On top of that, I think, you know, for the whole year, 2026, for the kick scooters, we are going to focus on the inventory itself instead of the new models imports. on top of that i think you know for the whole year 2026 for the kick scooters we are going to focus on the inventory itself instead of the new models imports Now we are expected to spend the whole year, 2026, to improve the inventory clearance and also, you know, to change the channel into a more healthier business model to support our going forward kick scooter business. now we are expected to spend the whole year 2026 to improve the inventory clearance and also you know to change the channel into a more healthier business model to support our going forward kick scooter business

Speaker 4: Hi, Yating. This is Yan. To address your second question on the cost increase. We have done a few things. First, I think, you know, with the new standard, because there are material changes, yes, there will be cost increase. We also have increased our retail price, not exactly proportionally, but have increased our price to cover part of the cost increase. Second, we are also, you know, through our cost reduction initiatives, really through engineering, to figure out what are really the cost down initiatives to be implemented on each of the scooters, basically, you know, through a platform standardization and also commoditize some of the common parts. That will help us to actually reduce the BOM cost. Hi, Yating. hi yating This is Yan. this is yan To address your second question on the cost increase. to address your second question on the cost increase We have done a few things. we have done a few things First, I think, you know, with the new standard, because there are material changes, yes, there will be cost increase. first i think you know with the new standard because there are material changes yes there will be cost increase We also have increased our retail price, not exactly proportionally, but have increased our price to cover part of the cost increase. we also have increased our retail price not exactly proportionally but have increased our price to cover part of the cost increase Second, we are also, you know, through our cost reduction initiatives, really through engineering, to figure out what are really the cost down initiatives to be implemented on each of the scooters, basically, you know, through a platform standardization and also commoditize some of the common parts. second we are also you know through our cost reduction initiatives really through engineering to figure out what are really the cost down initiatives to be implemented on each of the scooters basically you know through a platform standardization and also commoditize some of the common parts That will help us to actually reduce the BOM cost. that will help us to actually reduce the bom cost By doing so, I think we're in good hands to sort of handle the cost increase with the new standard. By doing so, I think we're in good hands to sort of handle the cost increase with the new standard. by doing so i think we're in good hands to sort of handle the cost increase with the new standard

Speaker 5: It's very clear. Thank you for your answers. It's very clear. it's very clear Thank you for your answers. thank you for your answers

Speaker 3: Thank you. There are no further questions at this time, so I'll hand the call back to Dr. Yan Li for closing remarks. Thank you. thank you There are no further questions at this time, so I'll hand the call back to Dr. Yan Li for closing remarks. there are no further questions at this time so i'll hand the call back to dr yan li for closing remarks

Speaker 4: All right. Thank you, operator. Thank you all for participating on today's call and for your support. We appreciate your interest and look forward to reporting to you again next quarter on our progress. Thank you. All right. all right Thank you, operator. thank you operator Thank you all for participating on today's call and for your support. thank you all for participating on today's call and for your support We appreciate your interest and look forward to reporting to you again next quarter on our progress. we appreciate your interest and look forward to reporting to you again next quarter on our progress Thank you. thank you

Speaker 3: This concludes today's conference call. Thank you for participating. You may now disconnect. Speakers, please stand by. This concludes today's conference call. this concludes today's conference call Thank you for participating. thank you for participating You may now disconnect. you may now disconnect Speakers, please stand by. speakers please stand by