Gold Royalty Corp. — Call Transcript 2026

Good day, and welcome to the Gold Royalty Corp. fourth quarter 2025 results conference call. All participants will be in a listen-only mode. Should you need assistance, please signal a conference specialist by pressing the star key followed by zero. After today's presentation, there will be an opportunity to ask questions. Please note this event is being recorded. I would now like to turn the conference over to Mr. David Garofalo, Chairman and CEO. Please go ahead, sir. Thank you, operator. Good morning, ladies and gentlemen, and thank you for participating in today's call to review our fourth quarter and 2025 results. Please note for those not currently on the webcast, a presentation accompanying this conference call is available on the Presentations page of our website. Some of the commentary on today's call will include forward-looking statements, and I would direct everyone to review slide two of the presentation, which includes important cautionary notes. Speaking alongside me on today's call will be Andrew Gubbels, Chief Financial Officer, John Griffith, Chief Development Officer, Jackie Przybylowski, Vice President, Capital Markets. Last week, we marked the five-year anniversary of Gold Royalty's IPO. I'm so proud of our team and what we've accomplished in our short history. We started in March 2021 with 18 royalties on non-producing assets and no revenue. Today, we boast a portfolio of 258 royalties and streams, including eight cash flowing assets, and we continue to selectively acquire accretive assets, including Pedra Branca in late 2025 and an additional royalty in Borborema, as John will walk through shortly. From no revenue in 2021, we passed through an important inflection point in 2025. We are proud to report a third consecutive quarter of positive free cash flow, as well as another quarter of record revenue, Adjusted EBITDA and operating cash flow. These cash flows are a manifestation of the tremendous potential we saw from the assets as we've been carefully curating our portfolio over the past 5 years. Potential which is not yet fully realized as we have tremendous growth and value creation still to come. Our balance sheet has been strengthened, as Andrew will discuss later on this call. We ended the year with no debt or convertible debentures, over $12 million in cash, a fully undrawn credit facility and outstanding common share purchase warrants that continue to be deeply in the money. This strong balance sheet will allow us to continue to opportunistically acquire accretive assets and to consider returning capital to our shareholders. With that, I will pass the call over to Andrew Gubbels to discuss the details of our fourth quarter results and our outlook on slide five. Thank you, David, and good morning, everyone. We're pleased to report new records for revenue and Adjusted EBITDA in the quarter and for the full year 2025. Adjusted EBITDA was $3.2 million in the fourth quarter, up from $2.5 million in the previous quarter and up from $1.9 or $1.2 million in the comparable quarter in 2024. Total revenue, land agreement proceeds and interest was $5.2 million, translating to 1,255 gold equivalent ounces in the quarter. For the year ended 2025, we generated $17.8 million in total revenue, land agreement proceeds and interest and $9.8 million of Adjusted EBITDA, a 38% and 104% increase from the comparable period in 2024, respectively. This record year reflects the contribution of higher cash flows from the assets we added to the portfolio over the past few years and a continued focus on maintaining consistent low operating costs. The consecutive quarters of positive free cash flow improves our liquidity position and importantly provides a solid foundation for funding the business moving forward. Further, our balance sheet liquidity position was boosted meaningfully from the equitization of the $40 million convertible debentures held by Queen's Road Capital and Taurus Funds Management in November at an upsize $103.5 million equity raise completed in December last year. The equity raise funded our $70 million Pedra Branca acquisition, repaid the outstanding balance previously drawn on the RCF, brought in new institutional investors onto our share register and left us in a positive net cash position at year-end. As we look forward to 2026, we remain well-funded, having amended and upsized our credit facility to $150 million in February this year and having acquired additional cash flowing royalty on Borborema, we enter the year in a very strong financial position. As Dave alluded, with a self-funding business that generates consistent positive free cash flow and a clean balance sheet, we now have the flexibility to execute our strategy in the long term. Our current intent is to maintain a modest cash balance and to allocate additional cash generated from operations towards growth opportunities where appropriate, while evaluating capital returns to shareholders in future periods. I'll now pass the call over to our Chief Development Officer, John Griffith. Thanks, Andrew. Before the fourth quarter, Gold Royalty had not announced a material asset acquisition in over a year, demonstrating our disciplined approach as we have waited patiently for the right assets at the right time. On December 8th, 2025, we announced the acquisition of royalties on Pedra Branca, which entitle us to 25% of net smelter returns from gold and 2% of net smelter returns from copper for the life of the mine. The Pedra Branca mine in Brazil is currently operated by BHP, although the asset has been sold to CoreX Holding in a transaction which is expected to close this year. We're very excited to add this high-quality cash flowing asset to our portfolio. For more information about Pedra Branca, please refer to our December 8th press release or our December 11th conference call. Links to both can be found on our website. Subsequent to year-end, on January 14th, 2026, Gold Royalty announced that we had acquired an additional NSR royalty on Borborema. The 1.5% NSR royalty importantly marked our first successful co-investment with Taurus Mining Royalty Fund. Taurus acquired a 0.75% NSR and Gold Royalty acquired the same 0.75% NSR, bringing our total to a 2.75% NSR plus the royalty-convertible gold-linked loan. We often get asked if there are still opportunities to acquire royalties and streams in the current environment of strong prices for gold, copper and other metals. Our two recent transactions and other recent royalty and stream deals announced by our peers show that there definitely are. It's worth noting that both of our recently acquired royalties were acquired from third parties, the Pedra Branca royalty from BlackRock and the Borborema royalty from Dundee Corporation. Both of these were acquired in quasi-bilateral processes, where we negotiated directly with the sellers. Across our peer group, we have also recently seen new streams written by mine operators, likely taking advantage of disparity between long-term outlooks for commodity prices between operators and streamers. We have also witnessed corporate-level M&A. We continue to see growth opportunities across each of our four pillars of growth namely third-party acquisitions, operator financings, corporate M&A, and our royalty generator model. We continue to actively pursue these opportunities in a disciplined manner. I'm pleased to say that we have a healthy pipeline of activities we're evaluating today. I'll now pass the call to Jackie Przybylowski to review our guidance and to talk about some of our key assets. Thanks, John. Along with our Q4 and 2025 results, we released our 2026 guidance and our longer-term 2030 outlook. We are expecting to report 7,500-9,300 GEO in 2026. At the midpoint of our guidance range, that's a 62% increase from our 2025 actual production of 5,173 GEO, including land agreement proceeds and interest. 2026 guidance assumes an average $5,150 per ounce gold price and an average $5.75 per pound copper price, which is consistent with consensus expectations. While our portfolio remains mostly gold-linked, our gold equivalent ounce guidance figure has some sensitivity to commodity price assumptions. We receive royalties on copper at Cozamin and Pedra Branca and a stream on copper from Vares, for example. Further, we have converted land agreement proceeds and interest, which are paid in $, into approximately 684 gold equivalent ounces in our 2026 guidance at our assumed average gold price. To give the market an idea of the effect of commodity prices on our guidance, we presented a sensitivity table in our press release last night, and which we're also showing here on slide nine. As you can see on this table, our guidance on a GEO basis would go up with lower gold price and would go down with higher gold price due to the mechanics of calculating gold equivalent ounces. Longer term, we have provided a five-year outlook for the second consecutive year. We expect 28,000-34,000 GEO in 2030, including approximately 600 GEO of land agreement proceeds and interest. At the midpoint, this represents a peer leading over 490% increase relative to actual 2025 results. I also want to emphasize that our 2030 outlook continues to be mainly based on assets that are already largely de-risked. Over 70% of our growth to 2030 includes assets that are already permitted, financed, and built at least to a first phase. Including the low-risk construction of satellite deposits, de-risked assets represent over 90% of that growth. We also have a number of exciting updates in our earnings report, and I'll just highlight a few on this call. Aura Minerals has signed its road relocation agreement, which immediately unlocks mineral reserves at Borborema and will support expansion to 4 million tons per year from the current 2 million tons per year run rate. Adriatic Metals has restarted the Vareš mine and expects to reach its full production run rate by year-end 2026. On the project front, Orla Mining released an updated feasibility study on South Railroad and expects to start construction mid-year 2026 on receipt of final project permits. Blackrock Silver Corp. received its Class II Air Quality and Surface Disturbance Permit, and the company believes that the permitting process is on schedule and expects to receive all permits by mid-2027. Please see our earnings release for additional asset updates. With over 250 assets in our portfolio, we continue to expect a steady stream of exciting positive news flow. I'll pass the floor back to David for closing remarks. Thank you, Jackie. There's indeed lots to get excited about as you look across our portfolio and the various high-quality assets ramping up and entering production. One of the key benefits to the diversified portfolio that we have assembled over the last five years is the steady flow of exciting growth catalysts at our underlying assets. These near, medium, and long-term catalysts will contribute to peer-leading growth that Jackie highlighted in our 2026 and 2030 outlooks. We continue to see compelling upside to our share price as our portfolio assets continue to develop and as the market gives us credit for this organic growth. Our valuation could be further boosted by accretive growth, but we emphasize that we will remain patient and disciplined as we consider any acquisitions and as we review our capital allocation options going forward. As our share price has now been comfortably above our warrant exercise price for some time, we think it's prudent to highlight this to any warrant holders on today's call. As of September 30, 2025, the company had approximately 17 million outstanding share purchase warrants, with each warrant exercisable into common shares at $2.25 per share exercise price. The warrants are listed on the NYSE American under the symbol GROY.WS, G-R-O-Y dot W-S, and they expire May 31, 2027. For more information on exercising warrants, please see our second quarter earnings press release. We invite you all to join our Q1 2026 earnings call on May 7 and our annual Capital Markets Day in Toronto and online on June 18. Thank you everyone for tuning in to the earnings call. We'll now open up the call to Q&A. Operator? Thank you. We will now begin the question-and-answer session. To ask a question, you may press star then one on your touch-tone phone. If you are using a speakerphone, please pick up your handset before pressing the keys. If at any time your question has been addressed and you would like to withdraw your question, please press star then two. Our first question will come from Heiko Ihle with H.C. Wainwright & Co Please go ahead. Hey there. Thanks so much for taking my questions. I mean, we're in an environment of $4,600 gold. Obviously, volatility the last 24 hours has been insane. Crazy news all over the newspapers, you know, wars, geopolitical risks. You want to just walk us through your thought process that you apply to potential M&A and the discount rates that you assign to assets given current geopolitical turmoil? Building on all of that, now I'll leave it to that one question, given that it's probably like four in one. Building on all of that, is there certain countries that you may be more focusing on than you were, call it, six months ago or even three months ago than today? Thanks, Heiko, and good morning. I'll hand that off to John Griffith, to respond to. Thank you. Heiko, I think you're absolutely right about the volatility and uncertainty in the current environment, but I don't think we can let that noise really, you know, influence our decision-making. We typically look at commodity prices on a consensus basis when we're evaluating opportunities. Because of that, and the dislocation between consensus and spot prices, you know, we've seen that in many instances, you know, others have been willing to accept much lower rates of return on transactions than we otherwise would have. In other words, we're really staying disciplined and focused, and we will remain that way during these uncertain times. You know, I don't think you know, the current aberrations really change our view or strategy. I think, you know, regarding geographies, we're very fortunate to have 85%, approximately, of our net asset value in North America, and the remaining 15% in several jurisdictions as well. I think, you know, we have no real pressure to go and deploy capital in parts of the world where, you know, risk is perceived to be, you know, volatile and a lot higher. That's a very comprehensive answer. I appreciate it, and I'll get back in queue. The next question will come from Tate Sullivan with Maxim Group. Please go ahead. Hi. Thank you very much. In your MD&A, you highlight the sensitivities to copper and gold prices given your current producing assets. Are you still focused mostly on copper and gold in terms of evaluating assets going forward, and did you demonstrate this consistency by selling the tungsten-related asset in the U.S. in the fourth quarter? Thanks, Tate, and good morning. I'll hand that off to John again. Sorry, the question. Could you just repeat it, please? Still focusing on copper and gold predominantly in what you're evaluating going forward? Just, I noted your tungsten asset-related sale in the fourth quarter as a demonstration of that strategy. I guess the focus for us remains very much on precious metals. We do feel very comfortable looking at what I would describe as the conventional or larger value LME traded commodities such as copper, zinc, and nickel. I think it also ties in nicely with our skill set, both management and board, you know, have a lot of experience in building and operating mines in those various commodities. I don't think you're gonna see us depart materially from that strategy unless we were potentially to acquire a larger portfolio of assets which had, you know, smaller commodity focused assets that fell outside of that ambit, if you will. Yeah, you know, I think for us, the sale of the tungsten asset was certainly opportunistic. You know, the party that acquired that asset is really focused on a more sort of esoteric perspective of building a non-precious metal non-diversified royalty company. They were willing to pay up for an asset that had very low value, little to no value in our portfolio. Okay, thank you. Second for me, if I may on, I mean, today's gold price move down as much as 7%. Can you comment on just what you think is behind that and or are you willing to comment on short-term market fluctuations, please? Yeah, Tate. I think that's a great question. Ironically, I think it is because of the political turmoil. Quite often I get asked, you know, why isn't the gold responding to, you know, war events or significant economic calamities? I think typically what happens when those events occur is it becomes a risk off trade and risk assets are sold, regardless of the underlying fundamentals. I actually see events like this, like the Iran war or economic calamities like the great financial crisis or COVID for that matter, as distractions from the underlying fundamentals of the commodity. I think in gold's case, like every other risk asset being sold today, it is being sold off. Inevitably what happens and invariably what's happened after these calamities in the past is when the risk trade comes back on and capital starts to be put back to work, fundamentals come back into play. The fundamentals for gold, in my view, are irrefutable in that we're going to see continued and relentless debasement of fiat currencies given the absolute amount of debt that's being strapped on. In spite of the fact that we're seeing record revenues, fiscal revenues in the U.S., we're seeing still record fiscal deficits and continued compounding of unsustainable debt at the U.S. government level and for that matter, across the Western world. Inevitably that will lead to continued debasement of the underlying fiat currency to debase the debt. I think those fundamentals will come back into play and gold being the one currency that can't be printed, can't be debased, will inevitably go up as it has relentlessly for the last 50 years, in spite of the volatility in the short to medium term. Thank you for the portfolio comments and the gold comments. Have a good day. This will conclude the question and answer session. I would like to turn the conference back over to Mr. David Garofalo for any closing remarks. Well, thank you all for your kind attention. If you have any follow-up questions, of course, Jackie's available at [email protected], or any of us, first initial last name @goldroyalty.com. If you have any other follow-up questions, we'll be delighted to hear from you. I hope you have a good rest of your day in spite of the volatility in the markets. The conference is now concluded. Thank you for attending today's presentation. You may now disconnect.

Speaker 6: Good day, and welcome to the Gold Royalty Corp. fourth quarter 2025 results conference call. All participants will be in a listen-only mode. Should you need assistance, please signal a conference specialist by pressing the star key followed by zero. After today's presentation, there will be an opportunity to ask questions. Please note this event is being recorded. I would now like to turn the conference over to Mr. David Garofalo, Chairman and CEO. Please go ahead, sir. Good day, and welcome to the Gold Royalty Corp. fourth quarter 2025 results conference call. good day and welcome to the gold royalty corp fourth quarter 2025 results conference call All participants will be in a listen-only mode. all participants will be in a listen-only mode Should you need assistance, please signal a conference specialist by pressing the star key followed by zero. should you need assistance please signal a conference specialist by pressing the star key followed by zero After today's presentation, there will be an opportunity to ask questions. after today's presentation there will be an opportunity to ask questions Please note this event is being recorded. please note this event is being recorded I would now like to turn the conference over to Mr. David Garofalo, Chairman and CEO. i would now like to turn the conference over to mr david garofalo chairman and ceo Please go ahead, sir. please go ahead sir

Speaker 2: Thank you, operator. Good morning, ladies and gentlemen, and thank you for participating in today's call to review our fourth quarter and 2025 results. Please note for those not currently on the webcast, a presentation accompanying this conference call is available on the Presentations page of our website. Some of the commentary on today's call will include forward-looking statements, and I would direct everyone to review slide two of the presentation, which includes important cautionary notes. Speaking alongside me on today's call will be Andrew Gubbels, Chief Financial Officer, John Griffith, Chief Development Officer, Jackie Przybylowski, Vice President, Capital Markets. Last week, we marked the five-year anniversary of Gold Royalty's IPO. I'm so proud of our team and what we've accomplished in our short history. We started in March 2021 with 18 royalties on non-producing assets and no revenue. Thank you, operator. thank you operator Good morning, ladies and gentlemen, and thank you for participating in today's call to review our fourth quarter and 2025 results. good morning ladies and gentlemen and thank you for participating in today's call to review our fourth quarter and 2025 results Please note for those not currently on the webcast, a presentation accompanying this conference call is available on the Presentations page of our website. please note for those not currently on the webcast a presentation accompanying this conference call is available on the presentations page of our website Some of the commentary on today's call will include forward-looking statements, and I would direct everyone to review slide two of the presentation, which includes important cautionary notes. some of the commentary on today's call will include forward-looking statements and i would direct everyone to review slide two of the presentation which includes important cautionary notes Speaking alongside me on today's call will be Andrew Gubbels, Chief Financial Officer, John Griffith, Chief Development Officer, Jackie Przybylowski, Vice President, Capital Markets. speaking alongside me on today's call will be andrew gubbels chief financial officer john griffith chief development officer jackie przybylowski vice president capital markets Last week, we marked the five-year anniversary of Gold Royalty's IPO. last week we marked the five-year anniversary of gold royalty's ipo I'm so proud of our team and what we've accomplished in our short history. i'm so proud of our team and what we've accomplished in our short history We started in March 2021 with 18 royalties on non-producing assets and no revenue. we started in march 2021 with 18 royalties on non-producing assets and no revenue Today, we boast a portfolio of 258 royalties and streams, including eight cash flowing assets, and we continue to selectively acquire accretive assets, including Pedra Branca in late 2025 and an additional royalty in Borborema, as John will walk through shortly. From no revenue in 2021, we passed through an important inflection point in 2025. We are proud to report a third consecutive quarter of positive free cash flow, as well as another quarter of record revenue, Adjusted EBITDA and operating cash flow. These cash flows are a manifestation of the tremendous potential we saw from the assets as we've been carefully curating our portfolio over the past 5 years. Potential which is not yet fully realized as we have tremendous growth and value creation still to come. Our balance sheet has been strengthened, as Andrew will discuss later on this call. Today, we boast a portfolio of 258 royalties and streams, including eight cash flowing assets, and we continue to selectively acquire accretive assets, including Pedra Branca in late 2025 and an additional royalty in Borborema, as John will walk through shortly. today we boast a portfolio of 258 royalties and streams including eight cash flowing assets and we continue to selectively acquire accretive assets including pedra branca in late 2025 and an additional royalty in borborema as john will walk through shortly From no revenue in 2021, we passed through an important inflection point in 2025. from no revenue in 2021 we passed through an important inflection point in 2025 We are proud to report a third consecutive quarter of positive free cash flow, as well as another quarter of record revenue, Adjusted EBITDA and operating cash flow. we are proud to report a third consecutive quarter of positive free cash flow as well as another quarter of record revenue adjusted ebitda and operating cash flow These cash flows are a manifestation of the tremendous potential we saw from the assets as we've been carefully curating our portfolio over the past 5 years. these cash flows are a manifestation of the tremendous potential we saw from the assets as we've been carefully curating our portfolio over the past 5 years Potential which is not yet fully realized as we have tremendous growth and value creation still to come. potential which is not yet fully realized as we have tremendous growth and value creation still to come Our balance sheet has been strengthened, as Andrew will discuss later on this call. our balance sheet has been strengthened as andrew will discuss later on this call We ended the year with no debt or convertible debentures, over $12 million in cash, a fully undrawn credit facility and outstanding common share purchase warrants that continue to be deeply in the money. This strong balance sheet will allow us to continue to opportunistically acquire accretive assets and to consider returning capital to our shareholders. With that, I will pass the call over to Andrew Gubbels to discuss the details of our fourth quarter results and our outlook on slide five. We ended the year with no debt or convertible debentures, over $12 million in cash, a fully undrawn credit facility and outstanding common share purchase warrants that continue to be deeply in the money. we ended the year with no debt or convertible debentures over $12 million in cash a fully undrawn credit facility and outstanding common share purchase warrants that continue to be deeply in the money This strong balance sheet will allow us to continue to opportunistically acquire accretive assets and to consider returning capital to our shareholders. this strong balance sheet will allow us to continue to opportunistically acquire accretive assets and to consider returning capital to our shareholders With that, I will pass the call over to Andrew Gubbels to discuss the details of our fourth quarter results and our outlook on slide five. with that i will pass the call over to andrew gubbels to discuss the details of our fourth quarter results and our outlook on slide five

Speaker 1: Thank you, David, and good morning, everyone. We're pleased to report new records for revenue and Adjusted EBITDA in the quarter and for the full year 2025. Adjusted EBITDA was $3.2 million in the fourth quarter, up from $2.5 million in the previous quarter and up from $1.9 or $1.2 million in the comparable quarter in 2024. Thank you, David, and good morning, everyone. thank you david and good morning everyone We're pleased to report new records for revenue and Adjusted EBITDA in the quarter and for the full year 2025. we're pleased to report new records for revenue and adjusted ebitda in the quarter and for the full year 2025 Adjusted EBITDA was $3.2 million in the fourth quarter, up from $2.5 million in the previous quarter and up from $1.9 or $1.2 million in the comparable quarter in 2024. adjusted ebitda was $3.2 million in the fourth quarter up from $2.5 million in the previous quarter and up from $1.9 or $1.2 million in the comparable quarter in 2024 Total revenue, land agreement proceeds and interest was $5.2 million, translating to 1,255 gold equivalent ounces in the quarter. For the year ended 2025, we generated $17.8 million in total revenue, land agreement proceeds and interest and $9.8 million of Adjusted EBITDA, a 38% and 104% increase from the comparable period in 2024, respectively. Total revenue, land agreement proceeds and interest was $5.2 million, translating to 1,255 gold equivalent ounces in the quarter. total revenue land agreement proceeds and interest was $5.2 million translating to 1,255 gold equivalent ounces in the quarter For the year ended 2025, we generated $17.8 million in total revenue, land agreement proceeds and interest and $9.8 million of Adjusted EBITDA, a 38% and 104% increase from the comparable period in 2024, respectively. for the year ended 2025 we generated $17.8 million in total revenue land agreement proceeds and interest and $9.8 million of adjusted ebitda a 38% and 104% increase from the comparable period in 2024 respectively This record year reflects the contribution of higher cash flows from the assets we added to the portfolio over the past few years and a continued focus on maintaining consistent low operating costs. The consecutive quarters of positive free cash flow improves our liquidity position and importantly provides a solid foundation for funding the business moving forward. Further, our balance sheet liquidity position was boosted meaningfully from the equitization of the $40 million convertible debentures held by Queen's Road Capital and Taurus Funds Management in November at an upsize $103.5 million equity raise completed in December last year. The equity raise funded our $70 million Pedra Branca acquisition, repaid the outstanding balance previously drawn on the RCF, brought in new institutional investors onto our share register and left us in a positive net cash position at year-end. This record year reflects the contribution of higher cash flows from the assets we added to the portfolio over the past few years and a continued focus on maintaining consistent low operating costs. this record year reflects the contribution of higher cash flows from the assets we added to the portfolio over the past few years and a continued focus on maintaining consistent low operating costs The consecutive quarters of positive free cash flow improves our liquidity position and importantly provides a solid foundation for funding the business moving forward. the consecutive quarters of positive free cash flow improves our liquidity position and importantly provides a solid foundation for funding the business moving forward Further, our balance sheet liquidity position was boosted meaningfully from the equitization of the $40 million convertible debentures held by Queen's Road Capital and Taurus Funds Management in November at an upsize $103.5 million equity raise completed in December last year. further our balance sheet liquidity position was boosted meaningfully from the equitization of the $40 million convertible debentures held by queen's road capital and taurus funds management in november at an upsize $103.5 million equity raise completed in december last year The equity raise funded our $70 million Pedra Branca acquisition, repaid the outstanding balance previously drawn on the RCF, brought in new institutional investors onto our share register and left us in a positive net cash position at year-end. the equity raise funded our $70 million pedra branca acquisition repaid the outstanding balance previously drawn on the rcf brought in new institutional investors onto our share register and left us in a positive net cash position at year-end As we look forward to 2026, we remain well-funded, having amended and upsized our credit facility to $150 million in February this year and having acquired additional cash flowing royalty on Borborema, we enter the year in a very strong financial position. As Dave alluded, with a self-funding business that generates consistent positive free cash flow and a clean balance sheet, we now have the flexibility to execute our strategy in the long term. Our current intent is to maintain a modest cash balance and to allocate additional cash generated from operations towards growth opportunities where appropriate, while evaluating capital returns to shareholders in future periods. I'll now pass the call over to our Chief Development Officer, John Griffith. As we look forward to 2026, we remain well-funded, having amended and upsized our credit facility to $150 million in February this year and having acquired additional cash flowing royalty on Borborema, we enter the year in a very strong financial position. as we look forward to 2026 we remain well-funded having amended and upsized our credit facility to $150 million in february this year and having acquired additional cash flowing royalty on borborema we enter the year in a very strong financial position As Dave alluded, with a self-funding business that generates consistent positive free cash flow and a clean balance sheet, we now have the flexibility to execute our strategy in the long term. as dave alluded with a self-funding business that generates consistent positive free cash flow and a clean balance sheet we now have the flexibility to execute our strategy in the long term Our current intent is to maintain a modest cash balance and to allocate additional cash generated from operations towards growth opportunities where appropriate, while evaluating capital returns to shareholders in future periods. our current intent is to maintain a modest cash balance and to allocate additional cash generated from operations towards growth opportunities where appropriate while evaluating capital returns to shareholders in future periods I'll now pass the call over to our Chief Development Officer, John Griffith. i'll now pass the call over to our chief development officer john griffith

Speaker 5: Thanks, Andrew. Before the fourth quarter, Gold Royalty had not announced a material asset acquisition in over a year, demonstrating our disciplined approach as we have waited patiently for the right assets at the right time. Thanks, Andrew. thanks andrew Before the fourth quarter, Gold Royalty had not announced a material asset acquisition in over a year, demonstrating our disciplined approach as we have waited patiently for the right assets at the right time. before the fourth quarter gold royalty had not announced a material asset acquisition in over a year demonstrating our disciplined approach as we have waited patiently for the right assets at the right time On December 8th, 2025, we announced the acquisition of royalties on Pedra Branca, which entitle us to 25% of net smelter returns from gold and 2% of net smelter returns from copper for the life of the mine. The Pedra Branca mine in Brazil is currently operated by BHP, although the asset has been sold to CoreX Holding in a transaction which is expected to close this year. We're very excited to add this high-quality cash flowing asset to our portfolio. For more information about Pedra Branca, please refer to our December 8th press release or our December 11th conference call. Links to both can be found on our website. Subsequent to year-end, on January 14th, 2026, Gold Royalty announced that we had acquired an additional NSR royalty on Borborema. On December 8th, 2025, we announced the acquisition of royalties on Pedra Branca, which entitle us to 25% of net smelter returns from gold and 2% of net smelter returns from copper for the life of the mine. on december 8th 2025 we announced the acquisition of royalties on pedra branca which entitle us to 25% of net smelter returns from gold and 2% of net smelter returns from copper for the life of the mine The Pedra Branca mine in Brazil is currently operated by BHP, although the asset has been sold to CoreX Holding in a transaction which is expected to close this year. the pedra branca mine in brazil is currently operated by bhp although the asset has been sold to corex holding in a transaction which is expected to close this year We're very excited to add this high-quality cash flowing asset to our portfolio. we're very excited to add this high-quality cash flowing asset to our portfolio For more information about Pedra Branca, please refer to our December 8th press release or our December 11th conference call. for more information about pedra branca please refer to our december 8th press release or our december 11th conference call Links to both can be found on our website. links to both can be found on our website Subsequent to year-end, on January 14th, 2026, Gold Royalty announced that we had acquired an additional NSR royalty on Borborema. subsequent to year-end on january 14th 2026 gold royalty announced that we had acquired an additional nsr royalty on borborema The 1.5% NSR royalty importantly marked our first successful co-investment with Taurus Mining Royalty Fund. Taurus acquired a 0.75% NSR and Gold Royalty acquired the same 0.75% NSR, bringing our total to a 2.75% NSR plus the royalty-convertible gold-linked loan. We often get asked if there are still opportunities to acquire royalties and streams in the current environment of strong prices for gold, copper and other metals. Our two recent transactions and other recent royalty and stream deals announced by our peers show that there definitely are. It's worth noting that both of our recently acquired royalties were acquired from third parties, the Pedra Branca royalty from BlackRock and the Borborema royalty from Dundee Corporation. Both of these were acquired in quasi-bilateral processes, where we negotiated directly with the sellers. The 1.5% NSR royalty importantly marked our first successful co-investment with Taurus Mining Royalty Fund. the 1.5% nsr royalty importantly marked our first successful co-investment with taurus mining royalty fund Taurus acquired a 0.75% NSR and Gold Royalty acquired the same 0.75% NSR, bringing our total to a 2.75% NSR plus the royalty-convertible gold-linked loan. taurus acquired a 0.75% nsr and gold royalty acquired the same 0.75% nsr bringing our total to a 2.75% nsr plus the royalty-convertible gold-linked loan We often get asked if there are still opportunities to acquire royalties and streams in the current environment of strong prices for gold, copper and other metals. we often get asked if there are still opportunities to acquire royalties and streams in the current environment of strong prices for gold copper and other metals Our two recent transactions and other recent royalty and stream deals announced by our peers show that there definitely are. our two recent transactions and other recent royalty and stream deals announced by our peers show that there definitely are It's worth noting that both of our recently acquired royalties were acquired from third parties, the Pedra Branca royalty from BlackRock and the Borborema royalty from Dundee Corporation. it's worth noting that both of our recently acquired royalties were acquired from third parties the pedra branca royalty from blackrock and the borborema royalty from dundee corporation Both of these were acquired in quasi-bilateral processes, where we negotiated directly with the sellers. both of these were acquired in quasi-bilateral processes where we negotiated directly with the sellers Across our peer group, we have also recently seen new streams written by mine operators, likely taking advantage of disparity between long-term outlooks for commodity prices between operators and streamers. We have also witnessed corporate-level M&A. We continue to see growth opportunities across each of our four pillars of growth namely third-party acquisitions, operator financings, corporate M&A, and our royalty generator model. We continue to actively pursue these opportunities in a disciplined manner. I'm pleased to say that we have a healthy pipeline of activities we're evaluating today. I'll now pass the call to Jackie Przybylowski to review our guidance and to talk about some of our key assets. Across our peer group, we have also recently seen new streams written by mine operators, likely taking advantage of disparity between long-term outlooks for commodity prices between operators and streamers. across our peer group we have also recently seen new streams written by mine operators likely taking advantage of disparity between long-term outlooks for commodity prices between operators and streamers We have also witnessed corporate-level M&A. we have also witnessed corporate-level m&a We continue to see growth opportunities across each of our four pillars of growth namely third-party acquisitions, operator financings, corporate M&A, and our royalty generator model. we continue to see growth opportunities across each of our four pillars of growth namely third-party acquisitions operator financings corporate m&a and our royalty generator model We continue to actively pursue these opportunities in a disciplined manner. we continue to actively pursue these opportunities in a disciplined manner I'm pleased to say that we have a healthy pipeline of activities we're evaluating today. i'm pleased to say that we have a healthy pipeline of activities we're evaluating today I'll now pass the call to Jackie Przybylowski to review our guidance and to talk about some of our key assets. i'll now pass the call to jackie przybylowski to review our guidance and to talk about some of our key assets

Speaker 4: Thanks, John. Along with our Q4 and 2025 results, we released our 2026 guidance and our longer-term 2030 outlook. We are expecting to report 7,500-9,300 GEO in 2026. At the midpoint of our guidance range, that's a 62% increase from our 2025 actual production of 5,173 GEO, including land agreement proceeds and interest. 2026 guidance assumes an average $5,150 per ounce gold price and an average $5.75 per pound copper price, which is consistent with consensus expectations. While our portfolio remains mostly gold-linked, our gold equivalent ounce guidance figure has some sensitivity to commodity price assumptions. We receive royalties on copper at Cozamin and Pedra Branca and a stream on copper from Vares, for example. Thanks, John. thanks john Along with our Q4 and 2025 results, we released our 2026 guidance and our longer-term 2030 outlook. along with our q4 and 2025 results we released our 2026 guidance and our longer-term 2030 outlook We are expecting to report 7,500-9,300 GEO in 2026. we are expecting to report 7,500-9,300 geo in 2026 At the midpoint of our guidance range, that's a 62% increase from our 2025 actual production of 5,173 GEO, including land agreement proceeds and interest. 2026 guidance assumes an average $5,150 per ounce gold price and an average $5.75 per pound copper price, which is consistent with consensus expectations. at the midpoint of our guidance range that's a 62% increase from our 2025 actual production of 5,173 geo including land agreement proceeds and interest 2026 guidance assumes an average $5,150 per ounce gold price and an average $5.75 per pound copper price which is consistent with consensus expectations While our portfolio remains mostly gold-linked, our gold equivalent ounce guidance figure has some sensitivity to commodity price assumptions. while our portfolio remains mostly gold-linked our gold equivalent ounce guidance figure has some sensitivity to commodity price assumptions We receive royalties on copper at Cozamin and Pedra Branca and a stream on copper from Vares, for example. we receive royalties on copper at cozamin and pedra branca and a stream on copper from vares for example Further, we have converted land agreement proceeds and interest, which are paid in $, into approximately 684 gold equivalent ounces in our 2026 guidance at our assumed average gold price. To give the market an idea of the effect of commodity prices on our guidance, we presented a sensitivity table in our press release last night, and which we're also showing here on slide nine. As you can see on this table, our guidance on a GEO basis would go up with lower gold price and would go down with higher gold price due to the mechanics of calculating gold equivalent ounces. Longer term, we have provided a five-year outlook for the second consecutive year. We expect 28,000-34,000 GEO in 2030, including approximately 600 GEO of land agreement proceeds and interest. Further, we have converted land agreement proceeds and interest, which are paid in $, into approximately 684 gold equivalent ounces in our 2026 guidance at our assumed average gold price. further we have converted land agreement proceeds and interest which are paid in $ into approximately 684 gold equivalent ounces in our 2026 guidance at our assumed average gold price To give the market an idea of the effect of commodity prices on our guidance, we presented a sensitivity table in our press release last night, and which we're also showing here on slide nine. to give the market an idea of the effect of commodity prices on our guidance we presented a sensitivity table in our press release last night and which we're also showing here on slide nine As you can see on this table, our guidance on a GEO basis would go up with lower gold price and would go down with higher gold price due to the mechanics of calculating gold equivalent ounces. as you can see on this table our guidance on a geo basis would go up with lower gold price and would go down with higher gold price due to the mechanics of calculating gold equivalent ounces Longer term, we have provided a five-year outlook for the second consecutive year. longer term we have provided a five-year outlook for the second consecutive year We expect 28,000-34,000 GEO in 2030, including approximately 600 GEO of land agreement proceeds and interest. we expect 28,000-34,000 geo in 2030 including approximately 600 geo of land agreement proceeds and interest At the midpoint, this represents a peer leading over 490% increase relative to actual 2025 results. I also want to emphasize that our 2030 outlook continues to be mainly based on assets that are already largely de-risked. Over 70% of our growth to 2030 includes assets that are already permitted, financed, and built at least to a first phase. Including the low-risk construction of satellite deposits, de-risked assets represent over 90% of that growth. We also have a number of exciting updates in our earnings report, and I'll just highlight a few on this call. At the midpoint, this represents a peer leading over 490% increase relative to actual 2025 results. at the midpoint this represents a peer leading over 490% increase relative to actual 2025 results I also want to emphasize that our 2030 outlook continues to be mainly based on assets that are already largely de-risked. i also want to emphasize that our 2030 outlook continues to be mainly based on assets that are already largely de-risked Over 70% of our growth to 2030 includes assets that are already permitted, financed, and built at least to a first phase. over 70% of our growth to 2030 includes assets that are already permitted financed and built at least to a first phase Including the low-risk construction of satellite deposits, de-risked assets represent over 90% of that growth. including the low-risk construction of satellite deposits de-risked assets represent over 90% of that growth We also have a number of exciting updates in our earnings report, and I'll just highlight a few on this call. we also have a number of exciting updates in our earnings report and i'll just highlight a few on this call Aura Minerals has signed its road relocation agreement, which immediately unlocks mineral reserves at Borborema and will support expansion to 4 million tons per year from the current 2 million tons per year run rate. Adriatic Metals has restarted the Vareš mine and expects to reach its full production run rate by year-end 2026. On the project front, Orla Mining released an updated feasibility study on South Railroad and expects to start construction mid-year 2026 on receipt of final project permits. Blackrock Silver Corp. received its Class II Air Quality and Surface Disturbance Permit, and the company believes that the permitting process is on schedule and expects to receive all permits by mid-2027. Please see our earnings release for additional asset updates. With over 250 assets in our portfolio, we continue to expect a steady stream of exciting positive news flow. Aura Minerals has signed its road relocation agreement, which immediately unlocks mineral reserves at Borborema and will support expansion to 4 million tons per year from the current 2 million tons per year run rate. Adriatic Metals has restarted the Vareš mine and expects to reach its full production run rate by year-end 2026. aura minerals has signed its road relocation agreement which immediately unlocks mineral reserves at borborema and will support expansion to 4 million tons per year from the current 2 million tons per year run rate. adriatic metals has restarted the vareš mine and expects to reach its full production run rate by year-end 2026 On the project front, Orla Mining released an updated feasibility study on South Railroad and expects to start construction mid-year 2026 on receipt of final project permits. on the project front orla mining released an updated feasibility study on south railroad and expects to start construction mid-year 2026 on receipt of final project permits Blackrock Silver Corp. received its Class II Air Quality and Surface Disturbance Permit, and the company believes that the permitting process is on schedule and expects to receive all permits by mid-2027. blackrock silver corp received its class ii air quality and surface disturbance permit and the company believes that the permitting process is on schedule and expects to receive all permits by mid-2027 Please see our earnings release for additional asset updates. please see our earnings release for additional asset updates With over 250 assets in our portfolio, we continue to expect a steady stream of exciting positive news flow. with over 250 assets in our portfolio we continue to expect a steady stream of exciting positive news flow I'll pass the floor back to David for closing remarks. I'll pass the floor back to David for closing remarks. i'll pass the floor back to david for closing remarks

Speaker 2: Thank you, Jackie. There's indeed lots to get excited about as you look across our portfolio and the various high-quality assets ramping up and entering production. One of the key benefits to the diversified portfolio that we have assembled over the last five years is the steady flow of exciting growth catalysts at our underlying assets. These near, medium, and long-term catalysts will contribute to peer-leading growth that Jackie highlighted in our 2026 and 2030 outlooks. We continue to see compelling upside to our share price as our portfolio assets continue to develop and as the market gives us credit for this organic growth. Our valuation could be further boosted by accretive growth, but we emphasize that we will remain patient and disciplined as we consider any acquisitions and as we review our capital allocation options going forward. Thank you, Jackie. thank you jackie There's indeed lots to get excited about as you look across our portfolio and the various high-quality assets ramping up and entering production. there's indeed lots to get excited about as you look across our portfolio and the various high-quality assets ramping up and entering production One of the key benefits to the diversified portfolio that we have assembled over the last five years is the steady flow of exciting growth catalysts at our underlying assets. one of the key benefits to the diversified portfolio that we have assembled over the last five years is the steady flow of exciting growth catalysts at our underlying assets These near, medium, and long-term catalysts will contribute to peer-leading growth that Jackie highlighted in our 2026 and 2030 outlooks. these near medium and long-term catalysts will contribute to peer-leading growth that jackie highlighted in our 2026 and 2030 outlooks We continue to see compelling upside to our share price as our portfolio assets continue to develop and as the market gives us credit for this organic growth. we continue to see compelling upside to our share price as our portfolio assets continue to develop and as the market gives us credit for this organic growth Our valuation could be further boosted by accretive growth, but we emphasize that we will remain patient and disciplined as we consider any acquisitions and as we review our capital allocation options going forward. our valuation could be further boosted by accretive growth but we emphasize that we will remain patient and disciplined as we consider any acquisitions and as we review our capital allocation options going forward As our share price has now been comfortably above our warrant exercise price for some time, we think it's prudent to highlight this to any warrant holders on today's call. As of September 30, 2025, the company had approximately 17 million outstanding share purchase warrants, with each warrant exercisable into common shares at $2.25 per share exercise price. The warrants are listed on the NYSE American under the symbol GROY.WS, G-R-O-Y dot W-S, and they expire May 31, 2027. For more information on exercising warrants, please see our second quarter earnings press release. We invite you all to join our Q1 2026 earnings call on May 7 and our annual Capital Markets Day in Toronto and online on June 18. Thank you everyone for tuning in to the earnings call. We'll now open up the call to Q&A. Operator? As our share price has now been comfortably above our warrant exercise price for some time, we think it's prudent to highlight this to any warrant holders on today's call. as our share price has now been comfortably above our warrant exercise price for some time we think it's prudent to highlight this to any warrant holders on today's call As of September 30, 2025, the company had approximately 17 million outstanding share purchase warrants, with each warrant exercisable into common shares at $2.25 per share exercise price. as of september 30 2025 the company had approximately 17 million outstanding share purchase warrants with each warrant exercisable into common shares at $2.25 per share exercise price The warrants are listed on the NYSE American under the symbol GROY.WS, G-R-O-Y dot W-S, and they expire May 31, 2027. the warrants are listed on the nyse american under the symbol groy.ws g-r-o-y dot w-s and they expire may 31 2027 For more information on exercising warrants, please see our second quarter earnings press release. for more information on exercising warrants please see our second quarter earnings press release We invite you all to join our Q1 2026 earnings call on May 7 and our annual Capital Markets Day in Toronto and online on June 18. we invite you all to join our q1 2026 earnings call on may 7 and our annual capital markets day in toronto and online on june 18 Thank you everyone for tuning in to the earnings call. thank you everyone for tuning in to the earnings call We'll now open up the call to Q&A. we'll now open up the call to q&a Operator? operator

Speaker 6: Thank you. We will now begin the question-and-answer session. To ask a question, you may press star then one on your touch-tone phone. If you are using a speakerphone, please pick up your handset before pressing the keys. If at any time your question has been addressed and you would like to withdraw your question, please press star then two. Our first question will come from Heiko Ihle with H.C. Wainwright & Co Please go ahead. Thank you. thank you We will now begin the question-and-answer session. we will now begin the question-and-answer session To ask a question, you may press star then one on your touch-tone phone. to ask a question you may press star then one on your touch-tone phone If you are using a speakerphone, please pick up your handset before pressing the keys. if you are using a speakerphone please pick up your handset before pressing the keys If at any time your question has been addressed and you would like to withdraw your question, please press star then two. if at any time your question has been addressed and you would like to withdraw your question please press star then two Our first question will come from Heiko Ihle with H.C. our first question will come from heiko ihle with h.c Wainwright & Co Please go ahead. wainwright & co please go ahead

Speaker 3: Hey there. Thanks so much for taking my questions. I mean, we're in an environment of $4,600 gold. Obviously, volatility the last 24 hours has been insane. Crazy news all over the newspapers, you know, wars, geopolitical risks. You want to just walk us through your thought process that you apply to potential M&A and the discount rates that you assign to assets given current geopolitical turmoil? Building on all of that, now I'll leave it to that one question, given that it's probably like four in one. Building on all of that, is there certain countries that you may be more focusing on than you were, call it, six months ago or even three months ago than today? Hey there. hey there Thanks so much for taking my questions. thanks so much for taking my questions I mean, we're in an environment of $4,600 gold. i mean we're in an environment of $4,600 gold Obviously, volatility the last 24 hours has been insane. obviously volatility the last 24 hours has been insane Crazy news all over the newspapers, you know, wars, geopolitical risks. crazy news all over the newspapers you know wars geopolitical risks You want to just walk us through your thought process that you apply to potential M&A and the discount rates that you assign to assets given current geopolitical turmoil? you want to just walk us through your thought process that you apply to potential m&a and the discount rates that you assign to assets given current geopolitical turmoil Building on all of that, now I'll leave it to that one question, given that it's probably like four in one. building on all of that now i'll leave it to that one question given that it's probably like four in one Building on all of that, is there certain countries that you may be more focusing on than you were, call it, six months ago or even three months ago than today? building on all of that is there certain countries that you may be more focusing on than you were call it six months ago or even three months ago than today

Speaker 2: Thanks, Heiko, and good morning. I'll hand that off to John Griffith, to respond to. Thank you. Thanks, Heiko, and good morning. thanks heiko and good morning I'll hand that off to John Griffith, to respond to. i'll hand that off to john griffith to respond to Thank you. thank you

Speaker 5: Heiko, I think you're absolutely right about the volatility and uncertainty in the current environment, but I don't think we can let that noise really, you know, influence our decision-making. We typically look at commodity prices on a consensus basis when we're evaluating opportunities. Because of that, and the dislocation between consensus and spot prices, you know, we've seen that in many instances, you know, others have been willing to accept much lower rates of return on transactions than we otherwise would have. In other words, we're really staying disciplined and focused, and we will remain that way during these uncertain times. You know, I don't think you know, the current aberrations really change our view or strategy. Heiko, I think you're absolutely right about the volatility and uncertainty in the current environment, but I don't think we can let that noise really, you know, influence our decision-making. heiko i think you're absolutely right about the volatility and uncertainty in the current environment but i don't think we can let that noise really you know influence our decision-making We typically look at commodity prices on a consensus basis when we're evaluating opportunities. we typically look at commodity prices on a consensus basis when we're evaluating opportunities Because of that, and the dislocation between consensus and spot prices, you know, we've seen that in many instances, you know, others have been willing to accept much lower rates of return on transactions than we otherwise would have. because of that and the dislocation between consensus and spot prices you know we've seen that in many instances you know others have been willing to accept much lower rates of return on transactions than we otherwise would have In other words, we're really staying disciplined and focused, and we will remain that way during these uncertain times. in other words we're really staying disciplined and focused and we will remain that way during these uncertain times You know, I don't think you know, the current aberrations really change our view or strategy. you know i don't think you know the current aberrations really change our view or strategy I think, you know, regarding geographies, we're very fortunate to have 85%, approximately, of our net asset value in North America, and the remaining 15% in several jurisdictions as well. I think, you know, we have no real pressure to go and deploy capital in parts of the world where, you know, risk is perceived to be, you know, volatile and a lot higher. I think, you know, regarding geographies, we're very fortunate to have 85%, approximately, of our net asset value in North America, and the remaining 15% in several jurisdictions as well. i think you know regarding geographies we're very fortunate to have 85% approximately of our net asset value in north america and the remaining 15% in several jurisdictions as well I think, you know, we have no real pressure to go and deploy capital in parts of the world where, you know, risk is perceived to be, you know, volatile and a lot higher. i think you know we have no real pressure to go and deploy capital in parts of the world where you know risk is perceived to be you know volatile and a lot higher

Speaker 3: That's a very comprehensive answer. I appreciate it, and I'll get back in queue. That's a very comprehensive answer. that's a very comprehensive answer I appreciate it, and I'll get back in queue. i appreciate it and i'll get back in queue

Speaker 6: The next question will come from Tate Sullivan with Maxim Group. Please go ahead. The next question will come from Tate Sullivan with Maxim Group. the next question will come from tate sullivan with maxim group Please go ahead. please go ahead

Speaker 7: Hi. Thank you very much. In your MD&A, you highlight the sensitivities to copper and gold prices given your current producing assets. Are you still focused mostly on copper and gold in terms of evaluating assets going forward, and did you demonstrate this consistency by selling the tungsten-related asset in the U.S. in the fourth quarter? Hi. hi Thank you very much. thank you very much In your MD&A, you highlight the sensitivities to copper and gold prices given your current producing assets. in your md&a you highlight the sensitivities to copper and gold prices given your current producing assets Are you still focused mostly on copper and gold in terms of evaluating assets going forward, and did you demonstrate this consistency by selling the tungsten-related asset in the U.S. in the fourth quarter? are you still focused mostly on copper and gold in terms of evaluating assets going forward and did you demonstrate this consistency by selling the tungsten-related asset in the u.s in the fourth quarter

Speaker 2: Thanks, Tate, and good morning. I'll hand that off to John again. Thanks, Tate, and good morning. thanks tate and good morning I'll hand that off to John again. i'll hand that off to john again

Speaker 5: Sorry, the question. Could you just repeat it, please? Sorry, the question. sorry the question Could you just repeat it, please? could you just repeat it please

Speaker 7: Still focusing on copper and gold predominantly in what you're evaluating going forward? Just, I noted your tungsten asset-related sale in the fourth quarter as a demonstration of that strategy. Still focusing on copper and gold predominantly in what you're evaluating going forward? still focusing on copper and gold predominantly in what you're evaluating going forward Just, I noted your tungsten asset-related sale in the fourth quarter as a demonstration of that strategy. just i noted your tungsten asset-related sale in the fourth quarter as a demonstration of that strategy

Speaker 5: I guess the focus for us remains very much on precious metals. We do feel very comfortable looking at what I would describe as the conventional or larger value LME traded commodities such as copper, zinc, and nickel. I think it also ties in nicely with our skill set, both management and board, you know, have a lot of experience in building and operating mines in those various commodities. I don't think you're gonna see us depart materially from that strategy unless we were potentially to acquire a larger portfolio of assets which had, you know, smaller commodity focused assets that fell outside of that ambit, if you will. I guess the focus for us remains very much on precious metals. i guess the focus for us remains very much on precious metals We do feel very comfortable looking at what I would describe as the conventional or larger value LME traded commodities such as copper, zinc, and nickel. we do feel very comfortable looking at what i would describe as the conventional or larger value lme traded commodities such as copper zinc and nickel I think it also ties in nicely with our skill set, both management and board, you know, have a lot of experience in building and operating mines in those various commodities. i think it also ties in nicely with our skill set both management and board you know have a lot of experience in building and operating mines in those various commodities I don't think you're gonna see us depart materially from that strategy unless we were potentially to acquire a larger portfolio of assets which had, you know, smaller commodity focused assets that fell outside of that ambit, if you will. i don't think you're gonna see us depart materially from that strategy unless we were potentially to acquire a larger portfolio of assets which had you know smaller commodity focused assets that fell outside of that ambit if you will Yeah, you know, I think for us, the sale of the tungsten asset was certainly opportunistic. You know, the party that acquired that asset is really focused on a more sort of esoteric perspective of building a non-precious metal non-diversified royalty company. They were willing to pay up for an asset that had very low value, little to no value in our portfolio. Yeah, you know, I think for us, the sale of the tungsten asset was certainly opportunistic. yeah you know i think for us the sale of the tungsten asset was certainly opportunistic You know, the party that acquired that asset is really focused on a more sort of esoteric perspective of building a non-precious metal non-diversified royalty company. you know the party that acquired that asset is really focused on a more sort of esoteric perspective of building a non-precious metal non-diversified royalty company They were willing to pay up for an asset that had very low value, little to no value in our portfolio. they were willing to pay up for an asset that had very low value little to no value in our portfolio

Speaker 7: Okay, thank you. Second for me, if I may on, I mean, today's gold price move down as much as 7%. Can you comment on just what you think is behind that and or are you willing to comment on short-term market fluctuations, please? Okay, thank you. okay thank you Second for me, if I may on, I mean, today's gold price move down as much as 7%. second for me if i may on i mean today's gold price move down as much as 7% Can you comment on just what you think is behind that and or are you willing to comment on short-term market fluctuations, please? can you comment on just what you think is behind that and or are you willing to comment on short-term market fluctuations please

Speaker 2: Yeah, Tate. I think that's a great question. Ironically, I think it is because of the political turmoil. Quite often I get asked, you know, why isn't the gold responding to, you know, war events or significant economic calamities? I think typically what happens when those events occur is it becomes a risk off trade and risk assets are sold, regardless of the underlying fundamentals. I actually see events like this, like the Iran war or economic calamities like the great financial crisis or COVID for that matter, as distractions from the underlying fundamentals of the commodity. I think in gold's case, like every other risk asset being sold today, it is being sold off. Yeah, Tate. yeah tate I think that's a great question. i think that's a great question Ironically, I think it is because of the political turmoil. ironically i think it is because of the political turmoil Quite often I get asked, you know, why isn't the gold responding to, you know, war events or significant economic calamities? quite often i get asked you know why isn't the gold responding to you know war events or significant economic calamities I think typically what happens when those events occur is it becomes a risk off trade and risk assets are sold, regardless of the underlying fundamentals. i think typically what happens when those events occur is it becomes a risk off trade and risk assets are sold regardless of the underlying fundamentals I actually see events like this, like the Iran war or economic calamities like the great financial crisis or COVID for that matter, as distractions from the underlying fundamentals of the commodity. i actually see events like this like the iran war or economic calamities like the great financial crisis or covid for that matter as distractions from the underlying fundamentals of the commodity I think in gold's case, like every other risk asset being sold today, it is being sold off. i think in gold's case like every other risk asset being sold today it is being sold off Inevitably what happens and invariably what's happened after these calamities in the past is when the risk trade comes back on and capital starts to be put back to work, fundamentals come back into play. The fundamentals for gold, in my view, are irrefutable in that we're going to see continued and relentless debasement of fiat currencies given the absolute amount of debt that's being strapped on. In spite of the fact that we're seeing record revenues, fiscal revenues in the U.S., we're seeing still record fiscal deficits and continued compounding of unsustainable debt at the U.S. government level and for that matter, across the Western world. Inevitably that will lead to continued debasement of the underlying fiat currency to debase the debt. Inevitably what happens and invariably what's happened after these calamities in the past is when the risk trade comes back on and capital starts to be put back to work, fundamentals come back into play. inevitably what happens and invariably what's happened after these calamities in the past is when the risk trade comes back on and capital starts to be put back to work fundamentals come back into play The fundamentals for gold, in my view, are irrefutable in that we're going to see continued and relentless debasement of fiat currencies given the absolute amount of debt that's being strapped on. the fundamentals for gold in my view are irrefutable in that we're going to see continued and relentless debasement of fiat currencies given the absolute amount of debt that's being strapped on In spite of the fact that we're seeing record revenues, fiscal revenues in the U.S., we're seeing still record fiscal deficits and continued compounding of unsustainable debt at the U.S. government level and for that matter, across the Western world. in spite of the fact that we're seeing record revenues fiscal revenues in the u.s we're seeing still record fiscal deficits and continued compounding of unsustainable debt at the u.s government level and for that matter across the western world Inevitably that will lead to continued debasement of the underlying fiat currency to debase the debt. inevitably that will lead to continued debasement of the underlying fiat currency to debase the debt I think those fundamentals will come back into play and gold being the one currency that can't be printed, can't be debased, will inevitably go up as it has relentlessly for the last 50 years, in spite of the volatility in the short to medium term. I think those fundamentals will come back into play and gold being the one currency that can't be printed, can't be debased, will inevitably go up as it has relentlessly for the last 50 years, in spite of the volatility in the short to medium term. i think those fundamentals will come back into play and gold being the one currency that can't be printed can't be debased will inevitably go up as it has relentlessly for the last 50 years in spite of the volatility in the short to medium term

Speaker 7: Thank you for the portfolio comments and the gold comments. Have a good day. Thank you for the portfolio comments and the gold comments. thank you for the portfolio comments and the gold comments Have a good day. have a good day

Speaker 6: This will conclude the question and answer session. I would like to turn the conference back over to Mr. David Garofalo for any closing remarks. This will conclude the question and answer session. this will conclude the question and answer session I would like to turn the conference back over to Mr. David Garofalo for any closing remarks. i would like to turn the conference back over to mr david garofalo for any closing remarks

Speaker 2: Well, thank you all for your kind attention. If you have any follow-up questions, of course, Jackie's available at [email protected], or any of us, first initial last name @goldroyalty.com. If you have any other follow-up questions, we'll be delighted to hear from you. I hope you have a good rest of your day in spite of the volatility in the markets. Well, thank you all for your kind attention. well thank you all for your kind attention If you have any follow-up questions, of course, Jackie's available at [email protected], or any of us, first initial last name @goldroyalty.com. if you have any follow-up questions of course jackie's available at [email protected] or any of us first initial last name @goldroyalty.com If you have any other follow-up questions, we'll be delighted to hear from you. if you have any other follow-up questions we'll be delighted to hear from you I hope you have a good rest of your day in spite of the volatility in the markets. i hope you have a good rest of your day in spite of the volatility in the markets

Speaker 6: The conference is now concluded. Thank you for attending today's presentation. You may now disconnect. The conference is now concluded. the conference is now concluded Thank you for attending today's presentation. thank you for attending today's presentation You may now disconnect. you may now disconnect